scholarly journals A hypothesis test of feasibility for external pilot trials assessing recruitment, follow‐up, and adherence rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan T. Wilson ◽  
Julia Brown ◽  
Amanda J. Farrin ◽  
Rebecca E. A. Walwyn
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Pilot Trials

scholarly journals FENOMENA ADIKSI INTERNET DAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA GENERASI XYZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak ◽  
Endang Darwati ◽  
Desti Madya Saputri ◽  
Hurianti Vidyaningtyas ◽  
Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Social Media Addiction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mathematical Physicist ◽  
Internet And Social Media

The phenomenon of internet and social media addiction has attracted the attention of many people. We have conducted a research to examine whether or not the phenomenon of addiction to the internet and social media is a scientific reality. Then, we follow up this research. About 2014 respondents have been surveyed. Pearson’s Product Moment and Cronbach's Alpha tests were conducted to find out whether or not all the questions on this survey questionnaire were valid and reliable. The Chi Square hypothesis test was put forward Helmert’s theory around 1960; Helmert was a German Mathematical Physicist who mainly studied the field of Geodesy, even though Ernst Abbe and Irenne Jules Bienayme had already discovered this Chi Square distribution. The results of the internet addiction survey showed that 74.68% of respondents were not addicted and the rest were addicted mildly, moderately and severely. For the social media addiction survey, 79.94% of respondents were not addicted and the rest were addicted. Variables affecting addiction are age, occupation, and education. Internet and social media addiction is mostly experienced by Generation Y and Z, while Generation X has less addiction. The results of the measurement of Internet and social media addiction include scientific reality and attention should be paid to it and steps should be taken in the context of prevention and recovery for those who are addicted. Prevention and recovery for those who are addicted can be done by involving three major components: family, community, and state.

Long-term follow-up on National Cancer Institute Phase I/II study of glioblastoma multiforme treated with iododeoxyuridine and hyperfractionated irradiation.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Goffman ◽  
L J Dachowski ◽  
H Bobo ◽  
E H Oldfield ◽  
S M Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Tumor Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Tumor Biopsies

PURPOSE We report the results of the final phase I/II program in glioblastoma (GBM) multiforme patients using only hyperfractionated irradiation and intravenous iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). METHODS For a decade we investigated halogenated pyrimidine radiosensitizers in an effort to exploit the potential for differential uptake of thymidine analogs between proliferating tumor and normal brain tissues. Trials began with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) but were changed to IdUrd when the latter proved less photosensitizing. A series of dose-escalating pilot trials led to treatment at a maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of IdUrd of 1,000 mg/m2/d for two separate 14-day courses, one during the initial radiation field and one during the cone down. The radiotherapy also evolved over time and was hyperfractionated in all cases reported. Over 5 years we accrued 45 patients into the final hyperfractionated, 1,000 mg/m2/d scheme. We report here results on only the patients with minimum follow-up of 1 year (90% had at least 2 years of follow-up) or until death. RESULTS The results do not indicate a significant benefit for use of sensitizers, as compared with other contemporary and aggressive types of radiation treatment. The median survival has been 11 months, with a 2-year actuarial survival of 9%. As yet, there are no survivors at 3 years. Tumor biopsies at craniotomy showed relatively low sensitizer incorporation. CONCLUSION The failure of radiosensitizers combined with radiation therapy to show major benefit may be due to patient selection but appears also to be related to the combined problems of poor drug penetration/uptake into tumor, tumor-cell heterogeneity, and a high inherent cellular radioresistance of GBM.

scholarly journals Metode Biblioterapi dan Diskusi Dilema Moral untuk Pengembangan Karakter Tanggungjawab

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noviana Dewi ◽  
Nanik Prihartanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

This research aimed to know the effects of the methods of bibliotherapy and discussion on moral dilemma in enhancing responsible character. The subjects of the research were 65 students of “AN” divided into three groups; bibliotherapy experimental group, moral discussion experimental group and non-treatment control group. The research used pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The data of this experimental research were obtained by using scale of responsible character consisting of aspects of self-control skill, risk-taking for personal choice and seriousness of doing obligation to other. The data were then analyzed using SPSS.19 software program. The analysed factors indicated that there were five dimensions shaping students’ responsible character, namely carefulness, task oriented, excellence, preseverance and commitment. Based on the hypothesis test through one-way anava technique, it was concluded that the two methods have effect on the enchancement of students’ responsible character. Keywords: bibliotherapy, character, moral dilemma, responsibility

scholarly journals I think I understand: Investigating misconceptions regarding hypothesis test concepts among university students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Zaini ◽  
Haziq Jamil ◽  
Elvynna Leong
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Hypothesis testing is an essential tool among researchers and practitioners alike, with its use being being widely taught in many a programme at university level. However, past studies have shown that students hold misconceptions about important statistical concepts. This present study aims to reconfirm past efforts in this area, specifically in a South East Asian higher education institution. To test how well undergraduate university students’ understood key concepts in hypothesis testing, an online multiple choice questionnaire was deployed. The questionnaire also asked for students’ confidence ratings for each question, allowing us to distinguish the confident versus non-confident incorrect responses. A follow- up interview was then conducted to give deeper insights into reasons behind respondents’ errors. The main finding is that there are significantly more confident wrong answers than non-confident ones – highly indicative of the presence of misconceptions among respondents. Among them, students firmly believed that statistical inference procedures provide a direct calculational proof of the null hypothesis. Additionally, students have difficulty formulating correct hypotheses to be tested, and have poor grasp of the role of significance levels in hypothesis testing. Whether or not students were taking a quantitative-focused programme, or had prior statistics training, had no bearing on their score. Despite this, confidence ratings were significantly higher in both groups.

scholarly journals Positive Parenting Program to Improve Mother Efficacy in Parenting Teenagers

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Silvia Wulandari ◽  
Tina Afiatin
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Parenting Efficacy ◽  
Positive Parenting Program

Parenting efficacy is essential in parenting quality. This study aimed to devise and determine the Positive Parenting Program effect in improving the parenting efficacy of mothers with teenage children. The study tested two hypotheses. First, the Positive Parenting Program had good content validity. Secondly, the Positive Parenting Program could improve the parenting efficacy of mothers. The study involved 27 mothers subjects (13 subjects of the experimental group and 14 subjects of the control group). The experiment was carried out using the method of ‘Untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples’ involving three measurements at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The results proved that the Positive Parenting Program Module had good content validity. The module has a high content validity with Aiken's V coefficients in each session ranging from 0.89 to 0.95 with an average of 0.92. The second hypothesis test was performed by Mann Whitney U Test analysis. The results of the study also showed that the Positive Parenting Program significantly improved the parenting efficacy of mothers  (Zposttest-pretest= -4,321, p = 0.001 (p <0.05), Zfollow-pretest= -4,423, p = 0.001 (p <0,05)).

scholarly journals A Term-based Approach to Asyndromic Determination of Significant Case Clusters

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Burkom ◽  
Yevgeniy Elbert ◽  
Christine Piatko ◽  
Clay Fink
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Test ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Significant Case

The presented method is a practical, understandable way to monitor single care facilities for chief complaint clusters of concern based on unusually high occurrence of rare or common terms that need not be related to syndromes. Routine implementation requires a human monitor to inspect the relevant CCs make follow-up decisions. Using 7 years of patient records from 15 hospitals, our approach pools CCs into contiguous time blocks and uses a statistical hypothesis test to seek current terms that are anomalous relative to their occurrence in a large sliding baseline. Sets of anomalous terms are then presented for further investigation.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Intranuclear Crystals in Regenerating Canine Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
D.G. Osborne ◽  
L.J. McCormack ◽  
M.O. Magnusson ◽  
W.S. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Membrane Bound

During a project in which regenerative changes were studied in autotransplanted canine kidneys, intranuclear crystals were seen in a small number of tubular epithelial cells. These crystalline structures were seen in the control specimens and also in regenerating specimens; the main differences being in size and number of them. The control specimens showed a few tubular epithelial cell nuclei almost completely occupied by large crystals that were not membrane bound. Subsequent follow-up biopsies of the same kidneys contained similar intranuclear crystals but of a much smaller size. Some of these nuclei contained several small crystals. The small crystals occurred at one week following transplantation and were seen even four weeks following transplantation. As time passed, the small crystals appeared to fuse to form larger crystals.

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