Power calculations for preclinical studies using a K-sample rank test and the Lehmann alternative hypothesis

This paper evaluates various methodologies used in event studies to detect the information content of corporate announcements using the increase in the variance of the security returns. Simulation with daily stock return data show that the Patell procedure, the most commonly used method to detect information content, rejects the null hypothesis of no increase in event-induced return variance too frequently when the null is true. A non-parametric cross-sectional rank test of squared abnormal returns similar to that in Corrado (1989) is proposed that is better specified under the null hypothesis and more powerful under the alternative hypothesis than the parametric tests.

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Optimum properties of the Wilcoxon signed rank test under a Lehmann alternative

Tsukuba Journal of Mathematics ◽

10.21099/tkbjm/1496160388 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Taka-aki Shiraishi

Keyword(s):

Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Lehmann Alternative

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KEFEKTIVITASAN MACROMEDIA FLASH PENDIDIKAN SEKS DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN MASA PUBERTAS ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI SLB B/C AL AZHAR WARU SIDOARJO

Premiere Educandum Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar dan Pembelajaran ◽

10.25273/pe.v6i02.806 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Dian Puspa Dewi

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Sex Education ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Rank Test ◽

Design Data ◽

Significance Level ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Wilcoxon Sign Rank ◽

Sign Rank Test ◽

Physical Changes

Sexual development of mental retardation’s children follows the physical development, thus experiencing a similar development with the normal ones. Those students have difficulty in understanding abstract information about the physical changes during puberty. Therefore, through the medium of learning macromedia flash, the sex education learning can be understood by them. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using multimedia in teaching sex education as preparation for mental retardation’s students during puberty in SLB B/C SLB Al Azhar Waru Sidoarjo. The subjects were mental retardation’s students in that schools. Data collection techniques used in this research was shaped test objective tests. The design model used in this study is one group pretest-posttest design (treatment by subject design). Data analysis techniques used by the author in this research was a non-parametric analysis techniques that rank test Wilcoxon signed Sign marked tests (Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test). Based on the data analysis and discussion of the results of research, known that the Z count = -2070 with P = 0.038 at significance level of 5%. The results are smaller than 0.05 can be proven true. Based on those explanations it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis which states "Learning to use Macromedia Flash is effective in teaching sex education for mental retardation’s students in SLB B / C Al Azhar Waru Sidoarjo" can be proven true.Keywords: Macromedia Flash, sex education, children with intellectual disability

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The Transcriptional Signature of Kinases Inhibited by the Multi-Targeted Kinase Inhibitor AS703569 Is Associated with Clinical Outcome in Multiple Myeloma (MM): Anti-MM Activity of AS703569 in Preclinical Studies.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.730.730 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 730-730

Author(s):

Jake Delmore ◽

David N. Cervi ◽

Douglas McMillin ◽

Efstathios Kastritis ◽

Jana Jakubikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Research Funding ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Rank Test ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Transcriptional Signature ◽

Log Rank Test

Abstract Abstract 730 Multi-targeted kinase inhibitors, when associated with manageable toxicity, offer the therapeutically desirable option of targeting, through a single chemical entity, several pathways that may contribute to the complexity and heterogeneity of molecular lesions harbored by neoplasias such as multiple myeloma (MM). However, intractable questions often emerge while prioritizing for preclinical studies different multi-targeted agents with extensive and/or only partially overlapping of sets of known targets. We have hypothesized that the potential therapeutic relevance of a multi-targeted inhibitor may be reflected on the prognostic relevance of its targets' transcriptional signature. We applied this concept in the case of the orally bioavailable multi-targeted kinase inhibitor AS703569, which targets (with IC50 in low nM range) all 3 Aurora kinase (AK) isoforms as well as various other kinases (e.g. cSRC, FGFR1, Flt3, Fyn, Lyn, Rsk1-3, Yes, Axl, et.c.) and evaluated the transcriptional signature of AS703569 kinase targets (with IC50 <10 nM) in MM cells of patients receiving Bortezomib as part of Phase II/III trials (specifically SUMMIT/APEX). We observed that patients with high transcriptional signature of AS703569 targets had inferior progression-free and overall survival (p=0.005 and p=0.012, log-rank test) and also validated that, in a study of tandem autologous transplant, a subset of patients with high levels of this AS703569 target transcriptional signature also have inferior overall survival (p=0.032, log-rank test) compared to cases with low levels of the signature. These observations supported the notion that the kinome space targeted by AS703569 is enriched for targets associated with adverse clinical outcome in MM. In preclinical assays, we observed that AS703569 decreased the viability of MM cell lines and primary CD138+ MM tumor cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values <50 nM for the majority of cell lines tested; and without evidence of cross-resistance with established anti-MM agents. Combinations of AS703569 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, or bortezomib did not exhibit antagonism, suggesting that AS703569 can be incorporated in regimens with these established anti-MM drug classes. Interestingly, in vitro compartment-specific bioluminescence imaging (CS-BLI) assays showed that against MM cells which respond to stromal cells with increased proliferation and survival, the anti-MM activity of AS703569 is more pronounced when these MM cells are co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells than in conventional cultures in isolation. This indicated that AS703569 is capable of overcoming the protective effects that BMSCs confer to MM tumor cells and prompted in vivo validation studies in our orthotopic SCID/NOD model of diffuse MM bone lesions established by i.v. injection of MM-1S-GFP/Luc cells monitored by whole body bioluminescence imaging. AS703569 (50 mg/kg p.o. once weekly)-treated mice had longer overall survival than vehicle-treated mice (median 50.0 days, 95% C.I. 40.3-59.7 days vs. 39.0 days, 95% C.I., 35.4-42.6 days, p=0.019, log-rank test). An alternative schedule of AS703569 at 16.7 mg/kg 3 times/week also resulted in longer overall survival (median 54.0 days, 95% C.I. 33.2-74.8 days, p=0.023, log-rank test). These data indicate that AS703569 exhibits anti-MM activity in vitro and in orthotopic in vivo MM models, and suggests that this multi-targeted inhibitor merits considerations for further preclinical studies, as well as potential clinical studies in MM, especially given the otherwise adverse outcome associated with the inhibitor's target transcriptional signature. Disclosures: Laubach: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Rastelli:EMD Serono: Employment. Clark:EMD Serono: Employment. Sarno:EMD Serono: Employment. Richardson:Millenium: (Speakers' Bureau up to 7/1/09), Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: (Speakers' Bureau up to 7/1/09), Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Anderson:Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Mitsiades:Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis : Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb : Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck & Co: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kosan Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pharmion: Consultancy, Honoraria; PharmaMar: Patents & Royalties; Amgen: Research Funding; AVEO Pharma: Research Funding; EMD Serono : Research Funding; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.

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THE PROVISON OF ORIENTATION TO THE ANXIETY LEVELS OF THE NEW PATIENT AT THE PONEK (OBGYN) GENERAL HOSPITAL JOMBANG

INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) ◽

10.24990/injec.v2i1.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Rodiyah Rodiyah ◽

Supriliyah Praningsih

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Health Workers ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

Before And After

Introduction. Patients who first entered hospital usually has the anxiety because of hospital environment is different with their previous environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectof orientation to the level of anxiety in new patient in PONEK ward general hospital Jombang.Method. The type of this research was quasy experimental study with before and after with control design. The number of sample for the experimental group was 30 people control group was 30 subjects with quota sampling method. The independent variable in this study was the orientation and the dependent variable was patient’s anxiety. Research instrument used booklet. The data were processed and analyzed with the Wilcoxon sign rank test and mann whitney test, the alternative hypothesis was accepted if p<0,05.Result. Based on the analysis was of mann whitney test p- value of 0,000 is < α 0,05 this was conclude that there was an effect of new orientation to the level anxiety level of the new patients at the ponek ward general hospital jombang. Discussion. Health workers actively participate in providing orientation the new patients, therefore it can reduce the anxiety that occur when is admitted hospital and should be used as amandatory orientation program the new patient admission.Key word: providing orientation, level of anxiety, new patient.

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Colorectal Liver Metastases - Does the Number of Lesions Determine the Sensibility of Resection?

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.6.1.6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Knoefel ◽

Brunken ◽

Neumann ◽

Gundlach ◽

Rogiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Metastases ◽

Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽

Rank Test ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Chirurgische Entfernung

Die komplette chirurgische Entfernung von Lebermetastasen bietet Patienten nach kolorektalem Karzinom die einzige kurative Chance. Es gibt jedoch eine, anscheinend unbegrenzte, Anzahl an Parametern, die die Prognose dieser Patienten bestimmen und damit den Sinn dieser Therapie vorhersagen können. Zu den am häufigsten diskutierten und am einfachsten zu bestimmenden Parametern gehört die Anzahl der Metastasen. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher die Wertigkeit dieses Parameters in der Literatur zu reflektieren und unsere eigenen Patientendaten zu evaluieren. Insgesamt konnte von 302 Patienten ein komplettes Follow-up erhoben werden. Die gebildeten Patientengruppen wurden mit Hilfe einer Kaplan Meier Analyse und konsekutivem log rank Test untersucht. Die Literatur wurde bis Dezember 1998 revidiert. Die Anzahl der Metastasen bestätigte sich als ein prognostisches Kriterium. Lagen drei oder mehr Metastasen vor, so war nicht nur die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer R0 Resektion deutlich geringer (17.8% versus 67.2%) sondern auch das Überleben der Patienten nach einer R0 Resektion tendenziell unwahrscheinlicher. Das 5-Jahres Überleben betrug bei > 2 Metastasen 9% bei > 2 Metastasen 36%. Das 10-Jahres Überleben beträgt bislang bei > 2 Metastasen 0% bei > 2 Metastasen 18% (p < 0.07). Die Anzahl der Metastasen spielt in der Prognose der Patienten mit kolorektalen Lebermetastasen eine Rolle. Selbst bei mehr als vier Metastasen ist jedoch gelegentlich eine R0 Resektion möglich. In diesen Fällen kann der Patient auch langfristig von einer Operation profitieren. Das wichtigere Kriterium einer onkologisch sinnvollen Resektabilität ist die Frage ob technisch und funktionell eine R0 Resektion durchführbar ist. Ist das der Fall, so sollte auch einem Patienten mit mehreren Metastasen die einzige kurative Chance einer Resektion nicht vorenthalten bleiben.

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Idiographic Dynamics of Positive Affect in GAD

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 500-509

Author(s):

Hannah G. Bosley ◽

Devon B. Sandel ◽

Aaron J. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Positive Affect ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Equation Model ◽

Aggregated Data ◽

Regulatory Strategy ◽

Constant State ◽

Automatic Search ◽

Time Lagged ◽

Exploratory Procedure

Abstract. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with worry and emotion regulation difficulties. The contrast-avoidance model suggests that individuals with GAD use worry to regulate emotion: by worrying, they maintain a constant state of negative affect (NA), avoiding a feared sudden shift into NA. We tested an extension of this model to positive affect (PA). During a week-long ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period, 96 undergraduates with a GAD analog provided four daily measurements of worry, dampening (i.e., PA suppression), and PA. We hypothesized a time-lagged mediation relationship in which higher worry predicts later dampening, and dampening predicts subsequently lower PA. A lag-2 structural equation model was fit to the group-aggregated data and to each individual time-series to test this hypothesis. Although worry and PA were negatively correlated in 87 participants, our model was not supported at the nomothetic level. However, idiographically, our model was well-fit for about a third (38.5%) of participants. We then used automatic search as an idiographic exploratory procedure to detect other time-lagged relationships between these constructs. While 46 individuals exhibited some cross-lagged relationships, no clear pattern emerged across participants. An alternative hypothesis about the speed of the relationship between variables is discussed using contemporaneous correlations of worry, dampening, and PA. Findings suggest heterogeneity in the function of worry as a regulatory strategy, and the importance of temporal scale for detection of time-lagged effects.

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