The use of argon cluster bombardment for the surface preparation of paint cross-sections for analysis by ToF-SIMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vermeulen ◽  
C. Poleunis ◽  
A. Delcorte ◽  
P. Bertrand ◽  
J. Sanyova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Cluster Bombardment ◽  
Tof Sims

scholarly journals Surface Preparation of Cross Sections of Traditional and Modern Paint Using the Argon Ion Milling Polishing CP System

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (S02) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Boon ◽  
S Asahina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Argon Ion

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006

scholarly journals Uncertainty quantification of fiber orientation distribution measurements for long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (13) ◽  
pp. 1781-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhisham N Sharma ◽  
Diwakar Naragani ◽  
Ba Nghiep Nguyen ◽  
Charles L Tucker ◽  
Michael D Sangid
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Orientation Distribution ◽  
Discontinuous Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics

We present a detailed methodology for experimental measurement of fiber orientation distribution in injection-molded discontinuous fiber composites using the method of ellipses on two-dimensional cross sections. Best practices to avoid biases occurring during surface preparation and optical imaging of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are discussed. A marker-based watershed transform routine for efficient image segmentation and the separation of touching fiber ellipses is developed. The sensitivity of the averaged orientation tensor to the image sample size is studied for the case of long-fiber thermoplastics. A Mori–Tanaka implementation of the Eshelby model is then employed to quantify the sensitivity of elastic stiffness predictions to biases in the fiber orientation distribution measurements.

scholarly journals Adhesive Distribution between Paper Components of Cigarettes

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
B Kroell ◽  
S Starlinger ◽  
B Eitzinger
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractThe objective of this contribution is to characterise the distribution of adhesive between the plug wrap paper and the tipping paper on a finished cigarette. On the one hand, it is well known that this distribution influences various properties of the cigarette, but on the other hand, there are no methods available to completely determine this distribution. The area covered by adhesive, the amount of adhesive, and the thickness and position of the adhesive layer between the plug wrap and the tipping paper were chosen as essential quantities. Image analysis was used to evaluate the area covered by adhesive, and the amount of adhesive between the papers. The thickness and position of the adhesive layer were determined by processing pictures of paper cross-sections obtained with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS).

Characterization of N-Vinyl pyrrolidone grafting into silicone rubber

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
R. Lee ◽  
R. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Since 1960, hydrogels have been utilized in a large number of biomedical products. The poor mechanical strength of hydrogels necessitates the use of a stronger support material in order to provide structural reinforcement. Methods of surface preparation include radiation grafting. Parameters of importance for grafting N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) into silicone rubber include the choice of solvent, monomer concentration, radiation dose and use of selective inhibitors. Post irradiation extraction of homopolymer and monomer from the silicone rubber substrate after grafting is an important step. NVP grafted polymers can be stained by many dyes for depth of penetration studies.Fourteen cm sections of non-reinforced Silastic® (silicone rubber, Dow Corning) tubing, 0.078″x0.125″, were boiled for three 1 h periods in aqueous 2.0% sodium bicarbonate solution. Prior to irradiation, monomer solutions used to fill tubes were bubbled with nitrogen for at least 30 min. Several monomer/solvent formulations (100% NVP; 80% NVP/20% methanol; and 60% NVP/40% methanol, and gamma irradiation doses (50, 150, 200 and 250 krad) were used.) After irradiation, samples were flushed with either acetone/methanol (50:50 v/o) or ethanol/water (50:50 v/o) , followed by three 30 min agitated washes in the same type of solution. To test the effect of methanol concentration on rim thickness measurements, 0.5 cm lengths of cleaned Silastic , acetone/methanol extracted Silastic®, and grafted tubing of 100% NVP and 80% NVP/20% methanol formulations were immersed in 0.1% acid fuchsin stains in 10, 50, and 100% methanol for 48 h. After rinsing and drying, cross sections were cut, and the penetration depth of the stain (i.e., graft depth) was measured.

scholarly journals ToF-SIMS imaging reveals that p-hydroxybenzoate groups specifically decorate the lignin of fibres in the xylem of poplar and willow

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn E. Goacher ◽  
Yaseen Mottiar ◽  
Shawn D. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractEsterified phenolics occur as γ-linked lignin acylations in many plant taxa but little is known about the distribution or function of such groups. In the family Salicaceae, p-hydroxybenzoate groups are present in the lignin of poplars (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.). In this study, the distribution of cell wall-bound p-hydroxybenzoate was examined in different tissue and cell types of poplar and willow trees. This analysis showed that p-hydroxybenzoate groups were most prevalent in juvenile stems, and were elevated in tension wood and following nitrogen fertilisation. Closer examination of stem cross-sections using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) directly showed that p-hydroxybenzoate groups occur predominantly in the cell walls of fibres and are largely absent from vessel elements. These results point to a role for ester-linked groups in modifying the syringyl-rich lignin of fibres, perhaps to strengthen the cell walls of these structural elements or to increase lignification rates.

scholarly journals Methods of Preparing Cross-sections for Observing TOF-SIMS Mapping Images of Rosin-sized Handsheets

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Kogawa ◽  
Atsushi Sawatari ◽  
Kiyoharu Fukuda ◽  
Hiromi Uchimura ◽  
Mitsuo Nishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Tof Sims

Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for investigations on single hair samples to solve the contamination versus incorporation issue of hair analysis in the case of cocaine and methadone

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 4906-4919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Erne ◽  
Laetitia Bernhard ◽  
Maciej Kawecki ◽  
Markus R. Baumgartner ◽  
Thomas Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Maldi Ms ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Single Hair ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Hair Samples

Drug testing in hair: Analysis of longitudinal- and cross-sections of single hair with MALDI-MS and ToF-SIMS provides new insights into contamination/decontamination processes.

scholarly journals Applicability of ToF-SIMS for monitoring compositional changes in bone in a long-term animal model

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
pp. 20130332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Henss ◽  
Marcus Rohnke ◽  
Thaqif El Khassawna ◽  
Parameswari Govindarajan ◽  
Gudrun Schlewitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Material Sciences

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a well-established technique in material sciences but has not yet been widely explored for implementation in life sciences. Here, we demonstrate the applicability and advantages of ToF-SIMS analysis for the study of minerals and biomolecules in osseous tissue. The locally resolved analysis of fragment ions deriving from the sample surface enables imaging and differentiation of bone tissue and facilitates histology on non-stained cross sections. In a rat model, bilateral ovariectomy combined with either a multi-deficiency diet or steroid treatment was carried out to create osteoporotic conditions. We focused our study on the Ca content of the mineralized tissue and monitored its decline. Calcium mass images of cross sections show the progressive degenerative changes in the bone. We observed a decreased Ca concentration in the edge region of the trabeculae and a decline in the Ca/P ratio. Additionally, we focused on the non-mineralized matrix and identified fragment ions that are characteristic for the collagen matrix. We observed trabeculae with wide ranges of non-mineralized collagen for the diet group owing to an impaired mineralization process. Here, the advantage of coeval monitoring of collagen and minerals indicated an osteomalacic model rather than an osteoporotic one.

Advances in the Twin-Roll Strip Casting of Strip with Profiled Cross Section

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Vidoni ◽  
Markus Daamen ◽  
Gerhard Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Strip Casting ◽  
Thin Strip ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Process Step

Direct thin strip casting is an economically end energetically smart process for the production of steel strip. In a single process step, liquid steel can be cast and directly rolled to hot strip in thicknesses ranging from one to four millimeters. With the use of specifically profiled casting rolls it is possible to produce strip with optimized cross-sections, allowing this process to compete with tailor welded and tailor rolled blanks for the production of a class of products already widely applied in industry. Numerical and experimental studies proved the feasibility of this concept and additional simulations were used to optimize the profile to be used for the experiments. A thickness variation of one millimeter from the edge to the center could be successfully achieved. However, the dimensional precision and the roughness distribution along the cross section of the produced strip were not satisfactory. Additional profiles were applied for the experimental analysis leading to better roughness distribution and geometrical accuracy. In order to further improve the uniformity of properties along the profiled section it is necessary to increase the homogeneity of the microstructure. The coating and surface preparation of the casting rolls play a very important role in the strip casting process as they strongly affect the solidification behavior. This observation lead to the idea of selectively coating the casting rolls, applying a less conductive layer on the areas where the casted profile is thinner. Thus, a more homogeneous solidification front can be obtained. The effect of a locally modified casting roll coating on the solidification is numerically investigated and the results applied for the selection of the coating parameters to be used for the experiments.

Analysis of STEM micrographs of thick objects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
S. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Elastic And Inelastic Scattering

The theory of multiple scattering has been worked out by Groves and comparisons have been made between predicted and observed signals for thick specimens observed in a STEM under conditions where phase contrast effects are unimportant. Independent measurements of the collection efficiencies of the two STEM detectors, calculations of the ratio σe/σi = R, where σe, σi are the total cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering respectively, and a model of the unknown mass distribution are needed for these comparisons. In this paper an extension of this work will be described which allows the determination of the required efficiencies, R, and the unknown mass distribution from the data without additional measurements or models. Essential to the analysis is the fact that in a STEM two or more signal measurements can be made simultaneously at each image point.

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