scholarly journals Development and application of the Hydric Soil Technical Standard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob F. Berkowitz ◽  
Michael J. Vepraskas ◽  
Karen L. Vaughan ◽  
Lenore M. Vasilas
Keyword(s):  
Technical Standard ◽  
Hydric Soil

scholarly journals Study on technical standard of small complete domestic sewage treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 766 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Huang Jin ◽  
Zhang Xiaoxin ◽  
Sun Youfeng ◽  
Huang Xia ◽  
Wang Guanjun
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Technical Standard

A New Technical Standard Procedure To Measure Stimulation and Gravel-Pack Fluid Leak-Off Under Dynamic Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Asadi ◽  
Brian Ainley ◽  
David Archacki ◽  
Eric Aubry ◽  
Harold Dean Brannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Fluid Leak ◽  
Gravel Pack

A New Technical Standard Procedure to Measure Stimulation and Gravel-pack Fluid Leak-off under Dynamic Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Asadi ◽  
Brain Ainley ◽  
David Archacki ◽  
Eric Aubry ◽  
Harold Brannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract Historically, leak-off analyses of stimulation fluids have been performed using in-house laboratory procedures. The lack of industry standard procedures to perform leak-off and wall building coefficient analyses of stimulation fluids has introduced inconsistency in both results and reporting for many years. A technical standard adopted in 2006 by both API and ISO for static conditions has provided the oil and gas industry with the first standardized procedure to measure and report leak-off1. However, the more complex testing under dynamic conditions was not addressed. As a result, a group of industry experts have compiled their years of experiences in developing a new technical standard to measure the leak-off characteristics of stimulation and gravel-pack fluids under dynamic flow conditions. Stimulation and gravel-pack fluids are defined, for the purpose of this technical standard, as fluids used to enhance production from oil and gas wells by fracturing and fluids used to place filtration media to control formation sand production from oil and gas wells. Leak-off is the amount of fluid lost to porous media during these operations. The leak-off procedure was developed through the colaberation of several industry companies by evaluating numerous in-house laboratory techniques and conducting round robin testing to ensure that any modifications to these procedures were reliable and repeatable. The new standard provides a step-by-step procedure that includes fluid preparation, experimental equipment design, testing procedure and data analyses for fluids exhibiting viscosity controlled leak-off or wall building characteristics. Example calculations are reviewed within this paper.

scholarly journals ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: pathophysiology and methodology of indirect airway challenge testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teal S. Hallstrand ◽  
Joerg D. Leuppi ◽  
Guy Joos ◽  
Graham L. Hall ◽  
Kai-Håkon Carlsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Bronchial Challenge ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Challenge Testing ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Indirect Tests

Recently, this international task force reported the general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test, a “direct” airway challenge test. Here, the task force provides an updated description of the pathophysiology and the methods to conduct indirect challenge tests. Because indirect challenge tests trigger airway narrowing through the activation of endogenous pathways that are involved in asthma, indirect challenge tests tend to be specific for asthma and reveal much about the biology of asthma, but may be less sensitive than direct tests for the detection of airway hyperresponsiveness. We provide recommendations for the conduct and interpretation of hyperpnoea challenge tests such as dry air exercise challenge and eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea that provide a single strong stimulus for airway narrowing. This technical standard expands the recommendations to additional indirect tests such as hypertonic saline, mannitol and adenosine challenge that are incremental tests, but still retain characteristics of other indirect challenges. Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness, with direct and indirect tests, are valuable tools to understand and to monitor airway function and to characterise the underlying asthma phenotype to guide therapy. The tests should be interpreted within the context of the clinical features of asthma.

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