Investigating Problematic Hydric Soils using Hydrology, IRIS Tubes, Chemistry, and the Hydric Soils Technical Standard

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2379-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob F. Berkowitz ◽  
James Barrett Sallee
Keyword(s):  
Hydric Soils ◽  
Technical Standard

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of iron-coated tubes for wetland delineation in South Africa: A pilot study in the Kruger National Park

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
CW van Huyssteen ◽  
TL Johnson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Hydric Soils ◽  
Wetland Delineation ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Fe Reduction

The identification of hydric soils is important for wetland delineation and protection.  South Africa currently uses the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) wetland delineation guidelines which can be subjective in certain contexts.  A robust technical standard that can be legally conclusive is therefore required and should be developed for South African conditions.  The National Technical Committee of Hydric Soils (NTCHS, 2007) in the United States of America has accepted the Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) tube methodology as a technical standard, but this had not yet been tested in South Africa.  It is proposed that the NTCHS (2007) be adapted for use in South Africa. These Fe-coated tubes are installed into the soil and if reducing conditions are present, the Fe coating is removed.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of IRIS tubes as a technical standard for wetland delineation in South Africa. The study took place in three different wetland systems (Malahlapanga, Nshawu and the Tshuthsi spruit) in the Kruger National Park.  Piezometers were installed in triplicate in each zone, and the water table, pH and Eh were recorded monthly. Soils were classified, soil wetness indicators identified, and vegetation described.  The study took place from September 2012 to August 2013.  The areal percentage of paint removed from the top 300 mm of the IRIS tubes was quantified by scanning the tubes and then compared to the DWAF wetland indicators. It was found that the DWAF indicators and the IRIS tube method were mostly in agreement; however, the conditions at the Tshutshi spruit were not favourable for Fe reduction, and hence the use of IRIS tubes, due to the high pH values recorded.  The IRIS tubes were therefore a useful tool for wetland delineation in the majority of conditions, but are not recommended in high pH, sodic environments.  Further research is recommended over a wider geographical area as well as testing the MIRIS methodology (Manganese Indicators of Reduction in Soils) in wetlands that would inhibit Fe reduction.

scholarly journals Study on technical standard of small complete domestic sewage treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 766 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Huang Jin ◽  
Zhang Xiaoxin ◽  
Sun Youfeng ◽  
Huang Xia ◽  
Wang Guanjun
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Technical Standard

A New Technical Standard Procedure To Measure Stimulation and Gravel-Pack Fluid Leak-Off Under Dynamic Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Asadi ◽  
Brian Ainley ◽  
David Archacki ◽  
Eric Aubry ◽  
Harold Dean Brannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Fluid Leak ◽  
Gravel Pack

A New Technical Standard Procedure to Measure Stimulation and Gravel-pack Fluid Leak-off under Dynamic Conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Asadi ◽  
Brain Ainley ◽  
David Archacki ◽  
Eric Aubry ◽  
Harold Brannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract Historically, leak-off analyses of stimulation fluids have been performed using in-house laboratory procedures. The lack of industry standard procedures to perform leak-off and wall building coefficient analyses of stimulation fluids has introduced inconsistency in both results and reporting for many years. A technical standard adopted in 2006 by both API and ISO for static conditions has provided the oil and gas industry with the first standardized procedure to measure and report leak-off1. However, the more complex testing under dynamic conditions was not addressed. As a result, a group of industry experts have compiled their years of experiences in developing a new technical standard to measure the leak-off characteristics of stimulation and gravel-pack fluids under dynamic flow conditions. Stimulation and gravel-pack fluids are defined, for the purpose of this technical standard, as fluids used to enhance production from oil and gas wells by fracturing and fluids used to place filtration media to control formation sand production from oil and gas wells. Leak-off is the amount of fluid lost to porous media during these operations. The leak-off procedure was developed through the colaberation of several industry companies by evaluating numerous in-house laboratory techniques and conducting round robin testing to ensure that any modifications to these procedures were reliable and repeatable. The new standard provides a step-by-step procedure that includes fluid preparation, experimental equipment design, testing procedure and data analyses for fluids exhibiting viscosity controlled leak-off or wall building characteristics. Example calculations are reviewed within this paper.

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