Comparison of δ18O and δ13C values between tree-ring whole wood and cellulose in five species growing under two different site conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 2233-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie B. Weigt ◽  
Stephanie Bräunlich ◽  
Lothar Zimmermann ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Thorsten E. E. Grams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

scholarly journals Monitoring of a fast-growing speleothem site from the Han-sur-Lesse cave, Belgium, indicates equilibrium deposition of the seasonal δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C signals in the calcite

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1871-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Rampelbergh ◽  
S. Verheyden ◽  
M Allan ◽  
Y. Quinif ◽  
E. Keppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Calcite Saturation ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

Abstract. Speleothems provide paleoclimate information on multimillennial to decadal scales in the Holocene. However, seasonal or even monthly resolved records remain scarce. Such records require fast-growing stalagmites and a good understanding of the proxy system on very short timescales. The Proserpine stalagmite from the Han-sur-Less cave (Belgium) displays well-defined/clearly visible darker and lighter seasonal layers of 0.5 to 2 mm thickness per single layer, which allows a measuring resolution at a monthly scale. Through a regular cave monitoring, we acquired a good understanding of how δ18O and δ13C signals in modern calcite reflect climate variations on the seasonal scale. From December to June, outside temperatures are cold, inducing low cave air and water temperature, and bio-productivity in the soil is limited, leading to lower pCO2 and higher δ13C values of the CO2 in the cave air. From June to December, the measured factors display an opposite behavior. The absence of epikarst water recharge between May and October increases prior calcite precipitation (PCP) in the vadose zone, causing drip water to display increasing pH and δ13C values over the summer months. Water recharge of the epikarst in winter diminishes the effect of PCP and as a result the pH and δ13C of the drip water gradually decrease. The δ18O and δ13C signals of fresh calcite precipitated on glass slabs also vary seasonally and are both reflecting equilibrium conditions. Lowest δ18O values occur during the summer, when the δ13C values are high. The δ18O values of the calcite display seasonal variations due to changes in the cave air and water temperature. The δ13C values reflect the seasonal variation of the δ13CDIC of the drip water, which is affected by the intensity of PCP. This same anticorrelation of the δ18O versus the δ13C signals is seen in the monthly resolved speleothem record that covers the period between 1976 and 1985 AD. Dark layers display lower δ18O and higher δ13C values. The cave system varies seasonally in response to the activity of the vegetation cover and outside air temperature between a "summer mode" lasting from June to December and a "winter mode" from December to June. The low δ18O and high δ13C values of the darker speleothem layers indicate that they are formed during summer, while light layers are formed during winter. The darker the color of a layer, the more compact its calcite structure is, and the more negative its δ18O signal and the more positive its δ13C signal are. Darker layers deposited from summer drip water affected by PCP are suggested to contain lower Ca2+ concentration. If indeed the calcite saturation represents the main factor driving the Proserpine growth rate, the dark layers should grow slower than the white layers.

scholarly journals Beachrock as a Paleoshoreline Indicator: Example from Wadi Al-Hamd, South Al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar A. Mannaa ◽  
Rabea A. Haredy ◽  
Ibrahim M. Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Pore Filling ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

The present study concerns the Holocene inland beachrocks that are exposed in the Red Sea coastal plain at the mouth of Wadi Al-Hamd, South Al-Wajh City, Saudi Arabia, and their utility as an indicator for Holocene climate and sea level changes. In addition, the framework composition, and carbon and oxygen isotopic data, are employed to interpret the origin of their cement. The beachrock consists mainly of gravel and coarse-grained terrigenous sediments dominated by lithic fragments of volcanic rocks, cherts and rare limestones along with quartz, feldspars and traces of amphiboles and heavy minerals. In addition, rare skeletal remains dominated by coralline algae, benthic foraminifera and mollusca remains are recognized. The allochems are cemented by high Mg-calcite (HMC) formed mainly in the intertidal zone under active marine phreatic conditions. The cement takes the form of isopachous to anisopachous rinds of bladed crystals, micritic rim non-selectively surrounding siliciclastic and skeletal remains, and pore-filling micrite. Pore-filling micrite cement occasionally displays a meniscus fabric, suggesting a vadose environment. The δ18O and δ13C values of carbonate cement range from −0.35‰ to 1‰ (mean 0.25‰) and −0.09‰ to 3.03‰ (mean 1.85‰), respectively, which are compatible with precipitation from marine waters. The slight depletion in δ18O and δ13C values in the proximal sample may suggest a slight meteoric contribution.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (-1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Feliksik ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Diameter Increment

The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site ConditionsDendroclimatic studies were carried out in the experimental stands composed of many tree species situated in the Polish part of the Baltic sea-coast. Increment cores were taken from a 100-years old trees of 2 native species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and 3 nonnative species: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and Silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Thirty trees of each species were cored. The relationships between the diameter increment and the thermal and pluvial conditions during the period from 1925 to 2005 were analyzed on the basis of standardized tree-ring chronologies and climatic data. It was found that precipitation and temperature of the growing season and months preceding that season affected the annual diameter increment of all investigated tree species. The current year winter and early spring temperatures as well as February and August precipitation had a similar effect on the variation of diameter increment of trees. On the other hand thermal and pluvial conditions of the current year June differentiated the increment rhythm of individual species. A very strong negative effect on diameter growth of trees was observed in the case of winter and early spring frosts. Norway spruce turned out to be a species most resistant to low temperatures. The investigated tree species, especially Norway spruce, was susceptible to water deficiency in the soil during spring and summer. In the case of Scots pine a high precipitation in June stimulated its growth. The diameter increments of Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir were more strongly connected with air temperature than with precipitation. So called all-species chronology of tree-ring width, constructed during this study, permitted to verify the factors having a similar effect on growth response of the investigated tree species. It reflected the mutual characteristics of diameter increments of trees of various species.

scholarly journals Bottomland hardwood forest growth and stress response to hydroclimatic variation: Evidence from dendrochronology and tree-ring δ<sup>13</sup>C values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinkya G. Deshpande ◽  
Thomas W. Boutton ◽  
Charles W. Lafon ◽  
Georgianne W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Wetland Forests ◽  
Hydroclimatic Variation

Abstract. Wetland forests around the world have been reduced to a small proportion of their original expanse due to changing climatic conditions and intensification of human land use activities. As a case in point, the Columbia bottomland hardwood forests along the Brazos-Colorado Coastal Basin on the Gulf coast of Texas are currently threatened by an increasingly erratic hydroclimate in the form of both extreme floods as well as droughts, and by urban expansion. In this study, we use dendrochronology and tree-ring carbon isotopes to understand the effect of changing hydroclimatic conditions on the functional attributes of these forests. We examined tree-rings of Quercus nigra at four sites within the Columbia bottomlands, of which one site experiences frequent and prolonged flooding, while the other three are less flood-prone. The objectives of this study were to: (i) understand the impact of hydroclimatic variation on growth rates using tree-ring width analysis, (ii) assess the magnitude of physiological stress inflicted by extreme hydroclimatic conditions using tree-ring δ13C measurements, and (iii) evaluate the relationship between physiological stress and growth inhibition. Growth rates across the landscape were influenced most strongly by mid-growing season climate, while early-growing season climate inflicted the greatest physiological stress. Neither growth inhibition nor changes in δ13C values were observed in trees at the wetter site under extreme hydrologic conditions such as droughts or floods. In addition, trees at the wet site were less sensitive to precipitation and showed no response to higher temperatures. In contrast, trees of the three drier sites experienced growth inhibition and had higher tree-ring δ13C values during dry periods. Our results indicate higher physiological resilience in trees growing under wetter conditions. Management and conservation strategies dependent on site-specific conditions are critical for the health of these wetland forests under a rapidly changing hydroclimate. This study provides the first dendrochronological baseline for this region and thresholds of optimum conditions for the growth and health of these forests which can assist management decisions such as streamflow regulation and conservation plans.

scholarly journals Novel method for determining <sup>234</sup>U–<sup>238</sup>U ages of Devils Hole 2 cave calcite (Nevada)

Geochronology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Xianglei Li ◽  
Kathleen A. Wendt ◽  
Yuri Dublyansky ◽  
Gina E. Moseley ◽  
Christoph Spötl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Devils Hole ◽  
Calcite Deposition ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

Abstract. Uranium–uranium (234U–238U) disequilibrium dating can determine the age of secondary carbonates over greater time intervals than the well-established 230Th–234U dating method. Yet it is rarely applied due to unknowns in the initial δ234U (δ234Ui) value, which result in significant age uncertainties. In order to understand the δ234Ui in Devils Hole 2 cave, Nevada, we have determined 110 δ234Ui values from phreatic calcite using 230Th–234U disequilibrium dating. The sampled calcite was deposited in Devils Hole 2 between 4 and 590 ka, providing a long-term look at δ234Ui variability over time. We then performed multi-linear regression among the δ234Ui values and correlative δ18O and δ13C values. The regression can be used to estimate the δ234Ui value of Devils Hole calcite based upon its measured δ18O and δ13C values. Using this approach and the measured present-day δ234U values of Devils Hole 2 calcite, we calculated 110 independent 234U–238U ages. In addition, we used newly measured δ18O, δ13C, and present-day δ234U values to calculate 10 234U–238U ages that range between 676 and 731 ka, thus allowing us to extend the Devils Hole chronology beyond the 230Th–234U-dated chronology while maintaining an age precision of ∼ 2 %. Our results indicate that calcite deposition at Devils Hole 2 cave began no later than 736 ± 11 kyr ago. The novel method presented here may be applied to future speleothem studies in similar hydrogeological settings, given appropriate calibration studies.

Summer temperature variations recorded in tree-ring δ13C values on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobao Xu ◽  
Tuo Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Liya Jin ◽  
Wenling An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
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