The impact of soil moisture modifications on CBL characteristics in West Africa: A case-study from the AMMA campaign

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (S1) ◽  
pp. 442-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kohler ◽  
N. Kalthoff ◽  
C. Kottmeier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
West Africa ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa and assessment of risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tinto ◽  
S. Salinas ◽  
A. Dicko ◽  
T. S. Kagone ◽  
I. Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hospital Equipment

Abstract Although the African continent is, for the moment, less impacted than the rest of the world, it still faces the risk of a spread of COVID-19. In this study, we have conducted a systematic review of the information available in the literature in order to provide an overview of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa and of the impact of risk factors such as comorbidities, climatic conditions and demography on the pandemic. Burkina Faso is used as a case study to better describe the situation in West Africa. The epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in West Africa is marked by a continuous increase in the numbers of confirmed cases. This geographic area had on 29 July 2020, 131 049 confirmed cases by polymerase chain reaction, 88 305 recoveries and 2102 deaths. Several factors may influence the SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Africa: (i) comorbidities: diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure could lead to an increase in the number of severe cases of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) climatic factors: the high temperatures could be a factor contributing to slow the spread of the virus and (iii) demography: the West Africa population is very young and this could be a factor limiting the occurrence of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in West Africa is relatively slow compared to European countries, vigilance must remain. Difficulties in access to diagnostic tests, lack of hospital equipment, but also the large number of people working in the informal sector (such as trading, businesses, transport and restoration) makes it difficult to apply preventive measures, namely physical distancing and containment.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AMONGST RESIDENTS OF CALABAR METROPOLIS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA. WEST AFRICA; A CASE STUDY OF CALABAR GARMENT FACTORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Bright Ewona ◽  
Asuquo Bassey ◽  
Andy Ugumanim ◽  
Mercy Ukpong ◽  
Dorathy Ikwen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Garment Factory ◽  
Environmental Induction ◽  
The Impact

This research paper was geared toward unraveling the impact of environmental health on sustainable development amongst residents of Calabar metropolis in Cross River State, Nigeria, West Africa. In pursuant of this objective, three research questions were raised to guide the study- To what extent does environmental induction course influence sustainable development among residents of Calabar metropolis? does environmental wastes recycling affect sustainable development among residence of Calabar metropolis? and to what extend does environmental conservation influence sustainable development among residents of Calabar metropolis. A sample size of 200 respondents was considered for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a 20 - items questionnaire which was validated by research experts on health discipline. Split half reliability estimate was implored to ascertain the reliability of the instrument while simple percentage was used to analyze the data collected. From the results of our findings, possible recommendations were made to ensure sustainability of our environmental resources to enhance sustainable development.

The Impact of Organic Acid on Scale Inhibitor/Corrosion Inhibitor Interaction, a Case Study from West Africa

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Spicka ◽  
Clare Jennifer Johnston ◽  
Myles Martin Jordan ◽  
Lisa Nguyen ◽  
Sandra Linares-Samaniego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inhibitor Interaction

“The White Wife Problem:” Sex, Race and the Contested Politics of Repatriation to Interwar British West Africa

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina E. Ray
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
White Women ◽  
Interracial Marriage ◽  
West African ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
Legal Difficulties ◽  
The Impact

This essay explores the difficulties faced by interracial couples - primarily West African men and British or German women - in gaining acceptance in society in the interwar years in Britain and West Africa. It considers the impact of the 1919 race riots in Britain during the postwar economic downturn that left maritime, immigrant, and working class communities particularly impoverished and led to a surge in racism and backlash against non-British labourers. West African men were accused of ‘stealing’ both jobs and women, and white women accused of betraying their nation through interracial marriage. This hostility led to efforts at repatriation to West Africa, which colonial governments would often prevent through legislation. The second half of this essay is a case study of West African husbands and German wives, who caused tremendous legal difficulties to governments looking to cease repatriation. The case studies demonstrate that notions of sex, gender, class, nationality, and religion informed colonial policies that heavily impacted the migration efforts of interracial couples.

scholarly journals EMERGENCE OF ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE APPROACH IN WEST AFRICA: CASE OF A TELCO IN BURKINA FASO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
Dr. Honoré Ouédraogo ◽  
Dr. Théophile Bindeouè Nassè
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Intelligence Approach

This paper focuses on the relationship between economic intelligence (EI, understood in the informational sense of the term, Martre (1994) and performance. It raises the question of the impact of the deployment of EI on improving the company’s results. Our theoretical approach is based on the corpus of management of the EI system, which is a dedicated IS. The epistemological positioning is of the constructivist type and the methodological approach, of the qualitative type. As for our approach, it is based on an exploration based on a case study in the mobile phone sector investigated in 2018 in BurkinaFaso, especially in the city of Ouagadougou. Our results showthat steering the dynamics of EI improves the performance of the organization in the terms of achieving pre-established objectives. This case study addresses its own limits and it may be subject to some extensions in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of ASCAT Soil Moisture Assimilation on Regional Precipitation Forecasts: A Case Study for Austria

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1525-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schneider ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner ◽  
Jean-Francois Mahfouf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forecast Quality

Abstract In this study, remotely sensed soil moisture data from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on board the Meteorological Operational (MetOp) series of satellites are assimilated in the regional forecasting model, Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN-Austria), using a simplified extended Kalman filter. A pointwise bias correction method is applied to the ASCAT data as well as quality flags prepared by the data provider. The ASCAT assimilation case study is performed over central Europe during a 1-month period in July 2009. Forecasts of those assimilation experiments are compared to the control run provided by the operational ALADIN version of the Austrian Met Service, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG). Forecasts are furthermore verified versus in situ data. For a single-day case study the ability of the approach to improve precipitation forecast quality in the presence of high impact weather is demonstrated. Results show that 1) based on a one station in situ data evaluation, soil moisture analysis is improved, compared to the operational analysis, when ASCAT soil moisture data is assimilated; 2) pointwise bias correction of the satellite data is beneficial for forecast quality; 3) screen level parameter forecasts can be slightly improved as a result of this approach; and 4) convective precipitation forecast is improved over flatland for the investigation period while over mountainous regions the impact is neutral.

Colonial Policy, Chieftaincy and Land Politics in Ghana: The Case Study of Gyaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Kwame ADUM–KYEREMEH ◽  
Joseph Kwadwo AGYEMAN
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Land Politics ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

The partition of Africa in the late nineteenth century destabilized some societies in Africa. In West Africa, the imaginary territorial boundaries divided the Nzema between Ivory Coast and Ghana, the Dagaaba between Burkina Faso and Ghana, and the Ewe between Togo and Ghana. The partition exercise also caused protracted disputes and neglect of existing ethnic groupings. Using information from oral, archival and secondary sources, this article examines the impact of the partition of Africa on Gyaman, a traditional ethnic setting in modern Ghana in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The paper blames current Gyaman problems on the Partition exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of initial soil moisture in a Regional Climate Model study over West Africa: Part 1: Impact on the climate mean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Arona Diedhiou ◽  
Adama Diawara ◽  
Sandrine Anquetin ◽  
N'datchoh Evelyne Touré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of the anomalies in initial soil moisture in later spring on the subsequent mean climate over West Africa is examined using the latest version of Regional Climate Model of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (RegCM4). We performed this sensitivity studies over the West African domain, for June–July–August–September (JJAS) 2003 (wet year) and JJAS 2004 (a dry year) at the horizontal resolution of 25 km × 25 km. The reanalysis soil moisture of the European Centre Meteorological Weather Forecast's reanalysis of the 20th century (ERA20C) were used to initialize the control runs, whereas we initialized the soil moisture at the wilting points and field capacity respectively in dry and wet experiments. The impact of the anomalies in initial soil moisture on the precipitation in West Africa is homogeneous only over the central Sahel where dry (wet) experiments lead to rainfall decrease (increase). The strongest impact on precipitation in wet and dry experiments is found respectively over west and central Sahel with the peak of change about respectively 40 % and −8 %. The impact of the anomalies in initial soil moisture can persist for three or even four months, however the significance influence on precipitation, greater than 1 mm day−1, of the impact of the anomalies in initial soil moisture is much shorter, no longer than one month. The effect of soil moisture anomalies is mostly confined to the near-surface climate and in the upper troposphere. Overall, the impact of the anomalies in initial soil moisture is greater on temperature than on precipitation over most areas studied. The strongest homogeneous impacts of the anomalies in initial soil moisture on temperature is located over the central Sahel with the peak of change at −1.5 °C and 0.5 °C respectively in wet and dry experiments. The influence of initial the anomalies in initial soil moisture on the precipitation mechanism is also highlighted. We will investigate in the Part II of this study the influence of the anomalies in initial soil moisture on climate extremes.

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