A high-quality reprocessed ground-based GPS dataset for atmospheric process studies, radiosonde and model evaluation, and reanalysis of HyMeX Special Observing Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bock ◽  
P. Bosser ◽  
R. Pacione ◽  
M. Nuret ◽  
N. Fourrié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Process ◽  
Process Studies

scholarly journals Airborne Raman Lidar and its Applications for Atmospheric Process Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 09002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhien Wang ◽  
Perry J. Wechsler ◽  
Nick Mahon ◽  
Decheng Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Atmospheric Process ◽  
Process Studies

scholarly journals Potential to Constrain Projections of Hot Temperature Extremes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 9949-9964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Borodina ◽  
Erich M Fischer ◽  
Reto Knutti
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
North America ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Projected Changes

Projected changes in temperature extremes, such as regional changes in the intensity and frequency of hot extremes, differ strongly across climate models. This study shows that this disagreement can be partly explained by discrepancies in the representation of the present-day temperature distribution, motivating the evaluation of models with observations. By evaluating climate models on carefully selected metrics, the models that are more likely to be reliable for long-term projections of temperature extremes are identified. The study found that frequencies of hot extremes are likely to increase at a higher rate than the multimodel mean estimate over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. This implies that a higher degree of adaptation is required for a given global temperature target. It also found that projected changes in the intensity of hot extremes can be constrained in several regions, including Australia, central North America, and north Asia. In many other regions, large internal variability can often hamper model evaluation. For both aspects—the intensity and the frequency of hot extremes—the total area over which the constraints can be implemented is limited by the quality and completeness of observations. Thereby, this study highlights the importance of long-term, high-quality, and easily accessible observational records for model evaluation, which are vital to ultimately reduce uncertainties in projections of temperature extremes.

A Spatial Two-Dimensional Discrete Filter for Limited-Area-Model Evaluation Purposes

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Feser ◽  
Hans von Storch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Scale Separation ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
High Pass

Abstract A two-dimensional discrete spatial filter was developed. It serves as a means to classify meteorological fields on a limited-area grid according to their spatial dimensions by filtering certain wavenumber ranges. Thereby it performs an isotropic spatial-scale separation of the atmospheric fields. A general algorithm was developed, which allows the construction of a filter that closely approximates a specific isotropic response function. The filter is simple in the construction and easy to apply while giving reasonable results. The method allows for considerable flexibility in choosing this specific response. This way, low-, band-, and high-pass filters are obtained. Examples show an effective scale separation of atmospheric fields on limited-area grids that can be used for process studies, model evaluation, or comparisons.

High Quality SiO2-like Layers by Large Area Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Enhanced CVD: Deposition Process Studies by Surface Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Antony Premkumar ◽  
Sergey A. Starostin ◽  
Hindrik de Vries ◽  
Roger M. J. Paffen ◽  
Mariadriana Creatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plasma Enhanced Cvd ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Process Studies

scholarly journals A quantitative evaluation of the high resolution HARMONIE model for critical weather phenomena

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. van der Plas ◽  
B. Wichers Schreur ◽  
K. Kok
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Nwp Model ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. The high resolution non-hydrostatic Harmonie model (Seity et al., 2012) seems capable of delivering high quality precipitation forecasts. The quality with respect to the European radar composite is assessed using the Model Evaluation Tool, as distributed by the NCAR DTC (Developmental Testbed Center, 2012), and compared to that of the reference run of Hirlam (Unden et al., 2002), the current operational NWP model at KNMI. Both neighbourhood and object-based verification methods are compared for a week with several high intensity precipitation events in July 2010. It is found that Hirlam scores very well in most metrics, and that in spite of the higher resolution the added value of the Harmonie model is sometimes hard to quantify. However, higher precipitation intensities are better represented in the Harmonie model with its higher resolution. Object-based methods do not yet yield a sharp distinction between the different models, as it proves difficult to construct a meaningful and distinguishing metric with a solid physical basis for the many settings that can be varied.

scholarly journals Using Process Evaluation To Promote Students'Inventive Ability Development - Taking Tourism Aesthetics As An Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Process Studies

with the rapid development of tourism industry, it requires more and more high quality of tourism practitioners, therefore, colleges and universities are particularly important to the cultivation of high-quality tourism practitioners. Tourism Aesthetics is one of the important courses of tourism management and hotel management in colleges and universities. Aiming at the present situation and existing problems of tourism aesthetics course, this paper evaluates the cultivation of students'innovation ability by process, studies and discusses the reform of tourism aesthetics course teaching from 3 aspects: school, teachers and students.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

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