Gut microbiota metabolic potential correlates with body size between mulberry‐feeding lepidopteran pest species

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosheng Chen ◽  
Sen Xie ◽  
Xiancui Zhang ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Huihui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

scholarly journals 337 Metabolic Foundations of Microbiota-Host Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
Dylan Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is home to a dense population of microbes which influence host physiology and health. One of the most concrete ways that the gut microbiota impacts host biology is through the production of hundreds of chemically diverse small molecules. These molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream, where they reach concentrations similar to those achieved by pharmaceuticals and bind host receptors leading to changes in cellular and organ physiology. Here I will summarize recent work from our group and others that show how microbially sourced metabolites alter health and physiology of the host. I will also discuss how mechanistic studies of small molecules from the microbiota are enabling new therapeutic approaches to harness the metabolic potential of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota of patients with alcoholic dependence syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Dubinkina ◽  
A.V. Tyakht ◽  
E.N. Ilina ◽  
D.S. Ischenko ◽  
B.A. Kovarsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Metagenomic Study

Here we present the first metagenomic study of gut microbiota in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) performed in the whole-genome (“shotgun”) format. Taxonomic analysis highlighted changes in community “drivers” abundance previously associated with inflammatory processes (including increase in Ruminococcus gnavus and torques, as well as decrease in Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia). Microbiota of alcoholics manifested presence of specific opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in healthy control subjects of the world. Differential analysis of metabolic potential basing on changes in KEGG Orthology groups abundance revealed increase in pathways associated with response to oxidative stress. Analysis of two specific gene groups – alcohol metabolism and virulence factors – also showed increase in comparison with the control groups. We suggest that gut microbiota distinct in alcoholics by both taxonomic and functional composition plays role in modulating the effect of alcohol on host organism.

Baseline Plant-to-Plant Larval Movement of Spodoptera eridania in Bt and Non-Bt Soybean and Its Possible Impacts on IRM

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1741-1752
Author(s):  
Thiago L M Fanela ◽  
Edson L L Baldin ◽  
Thomas E Hunt ◽  
Rodrigo D Faria
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Incomplete Resistance ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest ◽  
Larval Movement

Abstract The widespread use of transgenic technologies has led to the emergence of insect populations resistant to Bt toxins. Some lepidopteran pest species also appear to naturally have some level of tolerance to certain proteins, such as some species of Spodoptera to Cry1Ac. One of the main strategies to manage resistance is the use of refuge areas, the success of which is in part dependent on larval movement of the target pest. Thus, in order to assess the viability of a refuge strategy addressing Spodoptera eridania Stoll (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt soybean, it was evaluated the larval movement across plants in Bt and non-Bt soybean, as well as the larval development and mortality on Bt and non-Bt soybean cultivars. We concluded that apparent S. eridania incomplete resistance resulting from high larval mortality and low adaptability on Bt plants, high larval dispersal, nondirectional larval movement, and random larval spatial dispersion suggest that structured refuge is more suitable than mixed refuge for managing resistance in S. eridania populations.

scholarly journals Ichneumonids (Hymenoptera) and Tachinid Flies (Diptera) Associated to Leptidopterans in Soybean Crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Massarolli ◽  
Ana Regina Lucena Hoffmann ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Alessandra Regina Butnariu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

Studies on natural enemies are important to find new species and to develop management strategies to preserve them to help control pests in biological control programs. For the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, which comprises the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal biomes, few studies have been conducted on the diversity of these parasitoids, possible endemic and/or new species, as well as their potential as natural enemies. Thus, the present study was aimed at describing the diversity of parasitoids of the families Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) and Tachinidae (Diptera) associated with pest lepidopterans in soybean crops. Weekly sampling of pest lepidopterans was carried out during four soybean seasons (2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013). Parasitoid larvae were observed in the main lepidopteran pest species of soybean during the four soybean seasons. Three genera of the Ichneumonidae family, belonging to the genera Microcharops Roman, Ophionellus Westwood, and Podogaster Brullé. Six genera of the Tachinidae family occur in the state of Mato Grosso in soybean fields. The following genera were recorded: Archytas spp. Jaennicke, Phorocera spp. Robineau-Desvoidy, Gymnocarcelia spp. Townsend, Lespesia spp. Robineau-Desvoidy, Eucelatoria spp. Townsend, Chetogena spp. Rondani. These parasitoids were found parasitizing caterpillars of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), in species that had not yet been reported as hosts for the Neotropical region. Further studies are needed on the beneficial entomofauna and their preservation in agricultural environments.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic analysis of 589 metagenome-assembled genomes encompassing all major prokaryotic lineages from the gut of higher termites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Hervé ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Carsten Dietrich ◽  
David Sillam-Dussès ◽  
Petr Stiblik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Automated Assignment ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Genomic Resource

“Higher” termites have been able to colonize all tropical and subtropical regions because of their ability to digest lignocellulose with the aid of their prokaryotic gut microbiota. Over the last decade, numerous studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries have largely described both the taxonomy and structure of the prokaryotic communities associated with termite guts. Host diet and microenvironmental conditions have emerged as the main factors structuring the microbial assemblages in the different gut compartments. Additionally, these molecular inventories have revealed the existence of termite-specific clusters that indicate coevolutionary processes in numerous prokaryotic lineages. However, for lack of representative isolates, the functional role of most lineages remains unclear. We reconstructed 589 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the different gut compartments of eight higher termite species that encompass 17 prokaryotic phyla. By iteratively building genome trees for each clade, we significantly improved the initial automated assignment, frequently up to the genus level. We recovered MAGs from most of the termite-specific clusters in the radiation of, e.g., Planctomycetes, Fibrobacteres, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Bathyarchaeota, Spirochaetes, Saccharibacteria, and Firmicutes, which to date contained only few or no representative genomes. Moreover, the MAGs included abundant members of the termite gut microbiota. This dataset represents the largest genomic resource for arthropod-associated microorganisms available to date and contributes substantially to populating the tree of life. More importantly, it provides a backbone for studying the metabolic potential of the termite gut microbiota, including the key members involved in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles, and important clues that may help cultivating representatives of these understudied clades.

scholarly journals Lowbush blueberries, Vaccinium angustifolium, modulate the functional potential of nutrient utilization and DNA maintenance mechanisms in the rat proximal colon microbiota

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Lacombe ◽  
Robert W. Li ◽  
Dorothy Klimis-Zacas ◽  
Aleksandra S. Kristo ◽  
Shravani Tadepalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Families ◽  
Metabolic Potential

Background: The core gut microbiota encodes for a metabolic capacity that often surpasses the metabolic potential of its host. Lowbush wild blueberries (LWB) are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and the gut microbiota is an important modulator of their activity. The objective of this research is to study the effect of a diet enriched with LWB on the gastrointestinal microbiota’s metabolic potential. Methods: Nine three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (N=4) was placed on the AIN93 diet, and the treatment group (N=5) was fed the same diet with 8% (w/w) LWB powder substituting for dextrose. The animals consumed the diets for six weeks, after which they were sacrificed. Functional profiles and metabolic potential of the colon microbiota in response to diet were analyzed using deep whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results: Proteins predicted from WGS DNA sequences were assigned to 3,746 COG, 5,577 KEGG, and 4,474 Pfam families. Statistical comparisons of the protein-coding genes revealed significant changes in 25 Gene Ontology (GO), 186 KEGG, and 20 Pfam protein families representing 2.1%, 3.3%, and 0.02% of all hits identified, respectively. Overall, the combined inquires into these databases represented an emphasis on membrane trafficking, DNA regulation, modification and repair, and nutrient metabolism. Protein families that significantly increased by the enrichment of LWBs were involved with amino acid metabolism, 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, metal ion binding, glutamate synthase, REDOX homeostasis, and aryl transferases. In contrast, protein families involved with integrase/recombinase, reverse transcriptase, and transposon/transposase were at a lower abundance. Conclusions: The results from this study reflect the potential impact that LWBs have on the functional repertoire of bacterial communities in the proximal colon. The results demonstrate a higher potential for the metabolism of amino acids and a lower potential for horizontal integration of plasmids and lower phage/transposon activity in the LWB diet, suggesting that the genome at the time of sampling was more stable. This study helps unravel diverse mechanisms of microbial adaptation to LWBs in the diet of mammals and can provide guidance in optimizing functional diets.

scholarly journals Shifts in the gut microbiota structure caused by Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii I. Olekhnovich ◽  
Alexander I. Manolov ◽  
Nikita A. Prianichniikov ◽  
Andrei E. Samoilov ◽  
Maja V. Malakhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duodenal Ulcer ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbiota Structure

AbstractThe human gut microbiome plays an important role both in health and disease. The use of antibiotics can alter gut microbiota composition, which can cause complications of various kinds. Here we report a whole genome sequencing metagenomic study of the intestinal microbiota changes caused by Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. We have found the decrease in taxonomic alpha-diversity due to the therapy. The changes observed were more extensive for patients with duodenal ulcer and female ones. As well across the patients under the therapy we have detected the shifts in the metabolic potential and resistome. Seven KEGG pathways associated with quorum sensing, genetic Information processing and environmental Information processing were increased, while metabolic pathways related with metabolism of cofactors and vitamins and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism decreased. Changes in the resistome profile have also been identified. We observed perturbations in intraspecies structures, which were higher in group of patients under the therapy than in control group of people without treatment. The Eubacterium rectale pangenome extracted from metagenomic data were changed. We also isolated and sequenced Enterococcus faecium strains from two patients before and after eradication therapy. After the therapy this bacterium increased as the antibiotic resistance in vitro, as well the number of ARGs to macrolides and tetracyclines and metagenomic relative abundance in comparison with strains before therapy. In summary, microbial community demonstrated shift to reduce metabolic potential and to increased mechanisms, which mediate more survival condition through intraspecies perturbations.ImportanceThe human gut microbiome plays an important role both in health and disease. The use of antibiotics can alter gut microbiota composition, which can cause complications of various kinds. H. pylori eradication therapy causes multiple shifts and alterations (including intraspecies changes) of the intestinal microbiota structure and leads to the accumulation of genes which determine resistance to macrolides. Since these changes are not the same for patients with various diseases, patients with duodenal ulcer may be further paid special attention for reducing side effects, such as antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Also, study of antibiotic treatment in terms of its impact upon the human gut microbiota allows shedding light on of the complex processes that cause accumulation and spread of antibiotic resistance. An identification and understanding of these complicated processes may help to constrain antibiotic resistance spread, which is of great importance for human health care.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolic Potential in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine: Results from a Six-Week Observational Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Bąba-Kubiś ◽  
Liśkiewicz ◽  
Wroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Olanzapine Therapy

Accumulating evidence indicates the potential effect of microbiota on the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia. However, the effects of olanzapine, second-generation antipsychotics, on gut microbiota have not been investigated in humans. This study aimed to analyze fecal microbiota in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine during six weeks of their hospital stay. After a seven-day washout from all psychotropic medications, microbiota compositions were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of hospitalization using 16S rRNA sequencing. The study was conducted in 20 inpatients, who followed the same hospital routine and received 5–20 mg daily doses of olanzapine. Olanzapine treatment was associated with clinical improvements in all patients and significant increases in body mass index in females, but not changes in gut microbiota compositions and predicted function. The severity of symptoms at the beginning of treatment varied in accordance with the predicted metabolic activity of the bacteria. The present findings indicate that the microbiota of schizophrenia patients is highly individual and has different taxonomical (Type 1, with a predominance of Prevotella, and Type 2 with a higher abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia and Clostridium) and functional clusters, and it does not change following six weeks of olanzapine therapy; in addition, the microbiota is not associated with either the weight gain observed in women or the effectiveness of olanzapine therapy.

scholarly journals Differential Profiles of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Host Shift of Plutella xylostella

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6283
Author(s):  
Fei-Ying Yang ◽  
Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib ◽  
Jun-Hui Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Ruan ◽  
Liette Vasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Evolutionary and ecological forces are important factors that shape gut microbial profiles in hosts, which can help insects adapt to different environments through modulating their metabolites. However, little is known about how gut microbes and metabolites are altered when lepidopteran pest species switch hosts. In the present study, using 16S-rDNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the gut microbiota and metabolites of three populations of Plutella xylostella: one feeding on radish (PxR) and two feeding on peas (PxP; with PxP-1 and PxP-17 being the first and 17th generations after host shift from radish to peas, respectively). We found that the diversity of gut microbes in PxP-17 was significantly lower than those in PxR and PxP-1, which indicates a distinct change in gut microbiota after host shift. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the functions of energy metabolism, signal transduction, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were increased in PxP-17, suggesting their potential roles in host adaptation. Metabolic profiling showed a significant difference in the abundance of gut metabolites between PxR and PxP-17, and significant correlations of gut bacteria with gut metabolites. These findings shed light on the interaction among plants, herbivores, and symbionts, and advance our understanding of host adaptation associated with gut bacteria and metabolic activities in P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Geographic Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance Mutations in Native and Invasive Populations of the Fall Armyworm

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sudeeptha Yainna ◽  
Nicolas Nègre ◽  
Pierre J. Silvie ◽  
Thierry Brévault ◽  
Wee Tek Tay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

Field evolved resistance to insecticides is one of the main challenges in pest control. The fall armyworm (FAW) is a lepidopteran pest species causing severe crop losses, especially corn. While native to the Americas, the presence of FAW was confirmed in West Africa in 2016. Since then, the FAW has been detected in over 70 countries covering sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. In this study, we tested whether this invasion was accompanied by the spread of resistance mutations from native to invasive areas. We observed that mutations causing Bt resistance at ABCC2 genes were observed only in native populations where the mutations were initially reported. Invasive populations were found to have higher gene numbers of cytochrome P450 genes than native populations and a higher proportion of multiple resistance mutations at acetylcholinesterase genes, supporting strong selective pressure for resistance against synthetic insecticides. This result explains the susceptibility to Bt insecticides and resistance to various synthetic insecticides in Chinese populations. These results highlight the necessity of regular and standardized monitoring of insecticide resistance in invasive populations using both genomic approaches and bioassay experiments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document