Effects of endophytic fungi in Mongolian pine on the selection behavior of woodwasp (Sirex noctilio) and the growth of its fungal symbiont

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Xiang Wang ◽  
Li-Li Ren ◽  
Xiao-Bo Liu ◽  
Juan Shi ◽  
Jing-Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Selection Behavior

Putative origin of clonal lineages of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with Sirex noctilio, retrieved from Pinus sylvestris, in eastern Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Bergeron ◽  
Isabel Leal ◽  
Brett Foord ◽  
Grace Ross ◽  
Chuck Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Putative Origin

scholarly journals Incidental Fungi in Host Trees Disrupt the Development of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) Symbiotic Fungus and Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Lixiang Wang ◽  
Chunchun Li ◽  
Juan Shi ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Jiale Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Mutualistic Fungus

Abstract The woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is an exotic pest of Pinus L. in the southern hemisphere and North America, and it is an emerging threat in northeastern China. Adult woodwasps have numerous insect competitors for oviposition substrates, and developing larvae must compete for resources with other subcortical invaders. Its mutualistic fungus Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.) Boidon, is less competitive than many other fungal colonists present in pine ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of incidental, host-colonizing fungi on the growth and development of woodwasp larvae and A. areolatum. Fungi were isolated from dead S. noctilio larvae within galleries (primarily Trichoderma Pers, Ophiostoma Sydow, and Sphaeropsis Sacc.), and effects of these fungi on woodwasp brood survival were investigated via inoculations of S. noctilio-infested logs. Larval mortality was significantly increased in sample logs inoculated with Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Sydow Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich, Trichoderma atroviride Bissett, Trichoderma viride Pers, and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Inoculation of logs with O. minus resulted in the highest mortality and greatest reductions in wood moisture content. When grown on artificial media, these fungi grew faster than and inhibited growth of A. areolatum mycelium. We propose that the adverse effects of incidental fungi on the survival of S. noctilio larvae may be caused at least in part by an indirect mechanism involving inhibition of the fungal symbiont. The findings provide potentially valuable information for suppressing S. noctilio populations using microbial control agents.

Interactions between the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and two bark beetle-vectored fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Jean-Marc Moncalvo ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Individual Trees

AbstractThe woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. is invading North American forests, where it will interact with a large guild of pine-inhabiting beetles and their associated fungi. The woodwasp's obligate fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum (Fries) Boidin (Stereaceae), plays an essential role in the wasp's larval development but is expected to be a poor competitor in the presence of fungi vectored by co-occurring insects. We examined the outcomes of competitive interactions between A. areolatum and two fungal species vectored by bark beetles, Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet (Ophiostomataceae) and Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. and P. Sydow (Ophiostomataceae), and the effect of temperature and substrate on these interactions. Beetle-associated fungi were usually able to capture more uncolonized resource than A. areolatum regardless of substrate or temperature. Amylostereum areolatum was able to colonize relatively more space in some cases but could not gain substrate already colonized by the ophiostomatoid competitor. These findings suggest that competitive interactions between beetle-vectored fungal species and A. areolatum could influence the reproductive fitness and distribution of S. noctilio within individual trees and also across a wide geographic area.

scholarly journals Effects of endophytic fungi diversity in different coniferous species on the colonization of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiang Wang ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Chunchun Li ◽  
Chenglong Gao ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Coniferous Species

scholarly journals Identity of the Fungal Symbiont of Sirex Noctilio

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
I PC Gaut
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polystyrene Film ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Starch Gel

The fungus associated with S. noctilio F. in Australia is identified as Amyloster-eum areolatum (Fr.) Boidin. By using a polystyrene film to prevent the breakup of the chains of arthrospores during staining, it was possible to demonstrate that the spores are homokaryotic though usually multinucleate. Viable homokaryons were established from arthrospores by using a tissue culture medium incorporating growing callus tissue of Pinus radiata. Homokaryons and heterokaryons of the S. noctilio fungus were opposed in all possible combinations against homokaryons and heterokaryons of A. chailleti'i (Pers. ex Fr.) Boidin, A.laevigatum (Fr.) Boidin, and A. areolatum, the only known species of Amylostereum. The S. noctilio fungus was interfertile only with A. areolatum, as judged by production of anastomoses, clamped mycelium, and fertile fruit bodies. Starch-gel electrophoresis showed that the soluble proteins of the S. noctilio fungus corresponded more closely with those of A. areolatum than with those of A. chailletii.

scholarly journals The bark beetle,Ips grandicollis,disrupts biological control of the woodwasp,Sirex noctilio,via fungal symbiont interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazila Yousuf ◽  
Geoff M. Gurr ◽  
Angus J. Carnegie ◽  
Robin A. Bedding ◽  
Richard Bashford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Ips Grandicollis

scholarly journals First Report of Amylostereum areolatum, the Fungal Symbiont of Sirex noctilio, on Pinus spp. in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-J. Bergeron ◽  
R. C. Hamelin ◽  
I. Leal ◽  
C. Davis ◽  
P. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
First Report ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pinus Spp

Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.) Boidin (Russulales: Stereaceae) is a white rot fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with several woodwasps including Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). The vectored fungus together with a phytotoxic mucus, both injected during oviposition by the female S. noctilio, rapidly weaken the host tree, rendering it susceptible to larval development (3). Host trees of A. areolatum include species of Pinus (mainly), Abies, Larix, and Picea and Cryptomeria japonica and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Fungal Databases [online]; USDA). The siricid woodwasp is native to Eurasia and North Africa and has been introduced into New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa (1). In July of 2005, the first established North American population of S. noctilio was reported in Oswego, NY. Prompted by this initial discovery, a trap survey of Ontario counties located along the Canada-U.S. border, close to Upstate New York, was conducted in September and October of 2005. S. noctilio females were captured in four locations in southern Ontario. Two additional locations for S. noctilio were also reported in a survey conducted independently (2). In September and October of 2006, logs of Scots pines showing current Sirex oviposition sites were harvested from the Ontario area bordered by Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario to determine the presence of the species-specific fungal symbiont of S. noctilio, A. areolatum. Fungal isolates were obtained by surface sterilizing wood chips showing decay columns followed by incubation at 20°C on 2% malt extract agar. Cultures with morphological characteristics typical of A. areolatum–presence of clamp connections and arthrospores–were used for DNA analysis to confirm species identification. DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA gene were queried against the NCBI GenBank database. There was a 99 to 100% match between the ITS sequences from the Ontario isolates and sequences from European and Asian A. areolatum isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. EU249343 and EU249344 versus AF454428, AF506405, AY781245, and AF218389). Matches with A. chailletii (Pers.) Boidin, a native related species, were around 97%. These results confirmed the presence of A. areolatum in the infested material. Cultures were deposited in the National Mycological Herbarium of Canada (DAOM 239280–DAOM 239295). To our knowledge, this represents the first report of A. areolatum in Canada. In its natural range, the insect-fungal complex exists in equilibrium with its host trees and parasites, thus, few negative impacts are observed. However, in the Southern Hemisphere where it has been introduced, it has become a major pest, attacking many important commercial North American species planted as exotics (1). Conifer forests in Canada are threatened by the spread of the S. noctilio/A. areolatum complex, particularly plantations and stands of Pinus banksiana, P. contorta, P. ponderosa, P. resinosa, P. strobus, and P. sylvestris. A survey of Eastern Canada to detect the presence of S. noctilio is on going, and genetics work is being conducted to determine the origin of the introduction of A. areolatum. References: (1) W. M. Ciesla. J. For. 101:18, 2003. (2) P. de Groot et al. Gt. Lakes Entomol. 39:49, 2006. (3) B. Slippers et al. S. Afr. J. Sci. 99:70, 2003.

Some aspects of the biology of the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM King
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

Studies of the cultural characteristics on artificial media of the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio F. indicate that in Australia only one fungus is involved in the association. A medium containing 20 p.p.m. o-phenylphenol was found suitable for the isolation of the Sirex fungus. Histological studies confirmed that the Sirex fungus develops in wood only as vegetative hyphae. Ray parenchyma cells were killed in advance of the growing hyphae, which suggested that a toxin was produced by the fungus. Comparisons of growth in agar culture, of fructifications produced on wood blocks, and of starch gel electrophoresis protein patterns indicated that the Sirex fungus is probably a strain or variety of Arnylostereum chailletii (Fr.) Boidin.

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