Low warfarin resistance frequency in Norway rats in two cities in China after 30 years of usage of anticoagulant rodenticides

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Ma ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Lan Liu ◽  
Lin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Rodenticides ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Warfarin Resistance ◽  
Norway Rats

Control of a population of norway rats resistant to anticoagulant rodenticides

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Quy ◽  
David P. Cowan ◽  
Colin V. Prescott ◽  
J. Erica Gill ◽  
Gerard M. Kerins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Rodenticides ◽  
Norway Rats

scholarly journals Influence of vitamin K-rich plant foods on anticoagulant baiting efficacy in wild House Mice, wild Norway Rats, and wild Black Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Witmer ◽  
P. W. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticides ◽  
Norway Rats ◽  
Black Rats

Rodents introduced to islands have caused the extinction of many species of animals. Anticoagulant rodenticides are relied on to eradicate rodents from these islands, but if the rodents are eating plant materials that contain high amounts of vitamin K (the antidote to anticoagulants) anticoagulant rodenticides may not be effective. In a laboratory trial, individually caged Norway Rats Rattus norvegicus, Black Rats R. rattus and House Mice Mus musculus were fed fresh plant material high in vitamin K (Collards [0.62 mg vitamin K per 100 g] and Brussels Sprouts [0.19 mg vitamin K per 100 g]) for a period of 7 days. When presented later with anticoagulant rodenticides (0.0025% brodifacoum pellets or 0.005% diphacinone pellets) along with the diet of plant material, 94% of the rodents died. We conclude from this study that the presence of green feed rich in vitamin K does not reduce the effectiveness of anticoagulant rodenticides. However, we add a word of caution on one of the findings of our study. While we think the low efficacy (75%) we found in the case of brodifacoum and Black Rats was probably an artifact of small sample size in that treatment group, the result warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Warfarin resistance: a balanced polymorphism in the Norway rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Greaves ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
P. B. Ayres ◽  
J. E. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticides ◽  
Balanced Polymorphism ◽  
Monogenic Resistance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Warfarin Resistance

SUMMARYThe frequency of monogenic resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in Rattus norvegicus in an area straddling the England–Wales border was monitored from 1967 until 1975. Rats were trapped on farms and tested in the laboratory by administering a dose of warfarin lethal to susceptibles. The mean incidence of resistance was 44% and did not change significantly, despite the extensive use of anticoagulants by farmers during the 9-year period. In 1975 more refined techniques showed that the frequencies of susceptible (SS) and resistant (RR) homozygotes were significantly below the Hardy–Weinberg expectations and simple estimates of the relative fitness ratios for the RR, RS and SS phenotypes were 0·37, 1·0 and 0·68 respectively. In two relatively isolated valleys, where selection with anticoagulants was minimal, the frequency of resistance decreased significantly from 57% to 39% during 1973–5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a balanced polymorphism is being maintained. Selection against susceptible homozygotes by the use of anticoagulant rodenticides, and against the resistant homozygote due to its high susceptibility to a primary deficiency of vitamin K gives the heterozygotes a selective advantage. A number of ecological factors that influence the incidence of the resistance are discussed briefly.

Sublethal dose of warfarin induction promotes the accumulation of warfarin resistance in susceptible Norway rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Ma ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yaqi Ying ◽  
Yuanzhao Geng ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Warfarin Resistance ◽  
Norway Rats

Community Participation in Probation: A Tale of Two Cities

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Rosenbaum ◽  
James L. Grisell ◽  
Thomas Koschtial ◽  
Richard Knox ◽  
Keith J. Leenhouts
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Two Cities
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