Insecticide trials for the control of the false codling moth,Cryptophlebia leucotretaMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; subfamily olethreutinae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zerubabel M. Nyiira
Author(s):  
Hillary M. O. Otieno

Orange production provides both nutritional and financial benefits to farmers across Africa. However, these farmers do not realize the full benefits due to low yields caused by poor agronomic practices currently applied in the region. This guide, therefore, highlights key practices that farmers need to adopt for better yields. Farmers should always follow the best practices right from the selection of a variety to harvesting practices for high yield and better quality fruits to be achieved. Proper land preparation helps in early weed control and improves water infiltration and growth of roots. Weeds should always be kept below economic thresholds to ensure efficiencies in the use of water and nutrient. Like other plants, oranges require proper nutrition for growth and development of big fruits. Both manure and inorganic fertilizers should be applied depending on the availability and cost. Soil analysis helps in determining the rates of application. During production, farmers should scout for pests such as aphids, false codling moth, whiteflies, leaf miners, thrips, fruit fly and common spiral nematode and diseases like Pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot, Phytophthora spp. and orange fruit scab which are common in the area. These pests cause significant yield losses if not timely controlled. When ready, harvesting of fruits should be careful and gentle without causing injuries.


2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Boardman ◽  
Tim G. Grout ◽  
John S. Terblanche

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Newton

AbstractInundative releases of the indigenous egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja were made against Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) in two sweet orange orchards in the Transvaal lowveld, South Africa. The rate of parasitism was raised to similar levels in the two release areas, but there was a significant decrease in crop damage in only one of them. Although the larval population was twice as large in a control orchard, the losses there were compensated for by a larger total crop. Three explanations for the different performances of the parasitoids are examined. Movement away from release areas was not apparent. Rates of parasitism at the tops or bottoms of trees or at the four cardinal aspects were not significantly different overall but should have been to compensate for the linear increase in numbers of host eggs with height, and the larger numbers on the warmer northern and eastern sides of trees. Parasitism was higher at the tree tops than at the bottoms in the orchard that lost the least fruit. The stochastic processes governing host-egg distribution on fruit were also important. Pest density was higher in the release areas than the control, and eggs were distributed more contagiously in the orchard with the most crop loss.


2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 3976-3982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Woods ◽  
Nevil Boersma ◽  
Louwrens C Hoffman ◽  
Elsje Pieterse

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Terblanche ◽  
Katherine A. Mitchell ◽  
Wilmari Uys ◽  
Clancy Short ◽  
Leigh Boardman

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