Serum human glandular kallikrein (hK2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) improve the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in combination with total and %free PSA

The Prostate ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Scorilas ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Saverio Mazza ◽  
Daniela Basso ◽  
Antoninus R. Soosaipillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Glandular Kallikrein

scholarly journals The Combination of Human Glandular Kallikrein and Free Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Enhances Discrimination Between Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Patients with Moderately Increased Total PSA

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1960-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Magklara ◽  
Andreas Scorilas ◽  
William J Catalona ◽  
Eleftherios P Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Glandular Kallikrein ◽  
Total Psa

Abstract Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most reliable tumor marker available and is widely used for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, PSA cannot distinguish efficiently between benign and malignant disease of the prostate, especially within the range of 4–10 μg/L. Among the refinements developed to enhance PSA specificity is the free/total PSA ratio, which is useful in discriminating between the two diseases within the diagnostic “gray zone”. Recent data indicate that human glandular kallikrein (hK2), a protein with high homology to PSA, may be an additional serum marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. Methods: We analyzed 206 serum samples (all before treatment was initiated) from men with histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 100) or prostatic carcinoma (n = 106) with total PSA in the range of 2.5–10 μg/L. Total and free PSA and hK2 were measured with noncompetitive immunological procedures. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the potential utility of the various markers or their combinations in discriminating between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. Results: hK2 concentrations were not statistically different between the two groups of patients. There was a strong positive correlation between hK2 and free PSA in the whole patient population. hK2/free PSA ratio (area under the curve = 0.69) was stronger predictor of prostate cancer than the free/total PSA ratio (area under the curve = 0.64). At 95% specificity, the hK2/free PSA ratio identified 30% of patients with total PSA between 2.5–10 μg/L who had cancer. At 95% specificity, the hK2/free PSA ratio identified 25% of patients with total PSA between 2.5 and 4.5 μg/L who had cancer. Conclusions: Our data suggest that hK2 in combination with free and total PSA can enhance the biochemical detection of prostate cancer in patients with moderately increased total PSA concentrations. More specifically, the hK2/free PSA ratio appears to be valuable in identifying a subset of patients with total PSA between 2.5 and 4.5 μg/L who have high probability of cancer and who should be considered for biopsy.

Evaluating Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 as Markers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Rainato ◽  
Aline S.C. Fabricio ◽  
Matelda Zancan ◽  
Lucia Peloso ◽  
Ruggero Dittadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Total Psa

Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) lacks specificity and sensitivity in discriminating prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) when the total PSA (tPSA) level is between 4 and 10 ng/mL. It remains to be investigated if additional tumor-associated molecules may improve the PCa diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and their combinations with PSA may enhance the diagnosis of PCa. Methods Serum tPSA and free PSA (fPSA) levels were measured using an automated chemiluminescence-based method. IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassays in a prospectively and consecutively enrolled subset of 149 patients with tPSA ≤10 ng/mL made up of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; n = 113) and PCa (n = 36). Results IGF1 and IGFBP3 serum levels did not significantly differ between the PCa and BPH groups. No important correlation was found between the IGF molecules and PSA isoforms in both groups. Statistical analysis of the combination of markers indicated that only the free/total PSA ratio (f/tPSA%) was informative and independent in predicting the presence of PCa, considering that for high values of this percentage (17%) the probability of finding PCa decreased. Receiver operating characteristics areas under the curve (AUC) for IGF1 and IGFBP3 were not informative (AUC ~0.5 in both cases) contrary to the AUC for f/tPSA% (AUC = 0.689, p = 0.0002). Conclusions The present study showed that neither IGF1 and IGFBP3 alone nor in combination with PSA enhance the diagnostic performance of PSA in PCa.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor 1 in relation to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Mantzoros ◽  
A Tzonou ◽  
LB Signorello ◽  
M Stampfer ◽  
D Trichopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor
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