Synthesis and Degradation of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmie C. Oxley ◽  
James L. Smith ◽  
Matthew Porter ◽  
Lindsay McLennan ◽  
Kevin Colizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2042-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Heerak Chugh ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Aarushi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

scholarly journals Comparative untargeted metabolome analysis of ruminal fluid and feces of Nelore steers (Bos indicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Moraes Malheiros ◽  
Banny Silva Barbosa Correia ◽  
Caroline Ceribeli ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Cardoso ◽  
Luiz Alberto Colnago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

AbstractWe conducted a study to identify the fecal metabolite profile and its proximity to the ruminal metabolism of Nelore steers based on an untargeted metabolomic approach. Twenty-six Nelore were feedlot with same diet during 105 d. Feces and rumen fluid were collected before and at slaughter, respectively. The metabolomics analysis indicated 49 common polar metabolites in the rumen and feces. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were the most abundant polar metabolites in both bio-samples. The rumen presented significantly higher concentrations of the polar compounds when compared to feces (P < 0.05); even though, fecal metabolites presented an accentuated representability of the ruminal fluid metabolites. All fatty acids present in the ruminal fluid were also observed in the feces, except for C20:2n6 and C20:4n6. The identified metabolites offer information on the main metabolic pathways (higher impact factor and P < 0.05), as synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolisms, the glycine, serine; and threonine metabolism and the pyruvate metabolism. The findings reported herein on the close relationship between the ruminal fluid and feces metabolic profiles may offer new metabolic information, in addition to facilitating the sampling for metabolism investigation in animal production and health routines.

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