Role of positive end-expiratory pressure changes on functional residual capacity in surfactant treated preterm infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderlan José da Silva ◽  
Soraya Abbasi ◽  
Gilberto Pereira ◽  
Vinod K. Bhutani
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Pressure Changes

Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Siew ◽  
Arjan B. te Pas ◽  
Megan J. Wallace ◽  
Marcus J. Kitchen ◽  
Robert A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Lung Aeration ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Airway Collapse ◽  
Distal Airway ◽  
Dead Space Volume ◽  
Residual Capacity

The factors regulating lung aeration and the initiation of pulmonary gas exchange at birth are largely unknown, particularly in infants born very preterm. As hydrostatic pressure gradients may play a role, we have examined the effect of a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the spatial and temporal pattern of lung aeration in preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth using simultaneous phase-contrast X-ray imaging and plethysmography. Preterm rabbit pups were delivered by caesarean section at 28 days of gestational age, anesthetized, intubated, and placed within a water-filled plethysmograph (head out). Pups were imaged as they were mechanically ventilated from birth with a PEEP of either 0 cmH2O or 5 cmH2O. The peak inflation pressure was held constant at 35 cmH2O. Without PEEP, gas only entered into the distal airways during inflation. The distal airways collapsed during expiration, and, as a result, the functional residual capacity (FRC) did not increase above the lung's anatomic dead space volume (2.5 ± 0.8 ml/kg). In contrast, ventilation with 5-cmH2O PEEP gradually increased aeration of the distal airways, which did not collapse at end expiration. The FRC achieved in pups ventilated with PEEP (19.9 ± 3.2 ml/kg) was significantly greater than in pups ventilated without PEEP (−2.3 ± 3.5 ml/kg). PEEP greatly facilitates aeration of the distal airways and the accumulation of FRC and prevents distal airway collapse at end expiration in very preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth.

Functional residual capacity and passive compliance measurements after antenatal steroid therapy in preterm infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy McEvoy ◽  
Susan Bowling ◽  
Kathleen Williamson ◽  
Marion Stewart ◽  
Manuel Durand
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Antenatal Steroid ◽  
Passive Compliance ◽  
Residual Capacity

Effect of lung volume on interrupter resistance in cats challenged with methacholine

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Sly ◽  
K. A. Brown ◽  
J. H. Bates ◽  
P. T. Macklem ◽  
J. Milic-Emili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Induced Changes

To examine the effects of changes in lung volume on the magnitude of maximal bronchoconstriction, seven anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheostomized cats were challenged with aerosolized methacholine (MCh) and respiratory system resistance (Rss) was measured at different lung volumes using the interrupter technique. Analysis of the pressure changes following end-inspiratory interruptions allowed us to partition Rss into two quantities with the units of resistance, one (Rinit) corresponding to the resistance of the airways and the other (Rdif) reflecting the viscoelastic properties of the tissues of the respiratory system as well as gas redistribution following interruption of flow. Rinit and Rdif were used to construct concentration-response curves to MCh. Lung volume was increased by the application of 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure. The curve for Rinit reached a plateau in all cats, demonstrating a limit to the degree of MCh-induced bronchoconstriction. The mean value of Rinit (cmH2O.ml-1.s) for the group under control conditions was 0.011 and rose to 0.058 after maximal bronchoconstriction; the volume at which the flow was interrupted was 11.5 +/- 0.5 (SE) ml/kg above functional residual capacity (FRC). It then fell progressively to 0.029 at 21.2 +/- 0.8 ml/kg above FRC, 0.007 at 35.9 +/- 1.3 ml/kg above FRC, and 0.005 at 52.0 +/- 1.8 ml/kg above FRC. Cutting either the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches of the vagi had no significant effect on the lung volume-induced changes in MCh-induced bronchoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on functional residual capacity in two experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052092042
Author(s):  
Yu-Mei Wang ◽  
Xiu-Mei Sun ◽  
Yi-Min Zhou ◽  
Jing-Ran Chen ◽  
Kun-Ming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Objective Measurement of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-induced recruitment lung volume using passive spirometry is based on the assumption that the functional residual capacity (FRC) is not modified by the PEEP changes. We aimed to investigate the influence of PEEP on FRC in different models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A randomized crossover study was performed in 12 pigs. Pulmonary (n = 6) and extra-pulmonary (n = 6) ARDS models were established using an alveolar instillation of hydrochloric acid and a right atrium injection of oleic acid, respectively. Low (5 cmH2O) and high (15 cmH2O) PEEP were randomly applied in each animal. FRC and recruitment volume were determined using the nitrogen wash-in/wash-out technique and release maneuver. Results FRC was not significantly different between the two PEEP levels in either pulmonary ARDS (299 ± 92 mL and 309 ± 130 mL at 5 and 15 cmH2O, respectively) or extra-pulmonary ARDS (305 ± 143 mL and 328 ± 197 mL at 5 and 15 cmH2O, respectively). The recruitment volume was not significantly different between the two models (pulmonary, 341 ± 100 mL; extra-pulmonary, 351 ± 170 mL). Conclusions PEEP did not influence FRC in either the pulmonary or extra-pulmonary ARDS pig model.

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