Correlation between standing height, sitting height, and arm span as an index of pulmonary function in 6-10-year-old children

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia A.G.M.M. Torres ◽  
Francisco E. Martinez ◽  
José C. Manço
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span

scholarly journals The mountains of giants: an anthropometric survey of male youths in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Grasgruber ◽  
Stevo Popović ◽  
Dominik Bokuvka ◽  
Ivan Davidović ◽  
Sylva Hřebíčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
The World ◽  
Republika Srpska

The aim of this anthropometric survey, conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), was to map local geographical differences in male stature and some other anthropometric characteristics (sitting height, arm span). In addition, to investigate the main environmental factors influencing physical growth, the documented values of height would be compared with available nutritional and socioeconomic statistics. Anthropometric data were collected in 3192 boys aged approximately 18.3 years (17–20 years), from 97 schools in 37 towns. When corrected for population size in the examined regions, the average height of young males in BiH is 181.2 cm (181.4 cm in the Bosniak-Croat Federation, 180.9 cm in Republika Srpska). The regional variation is considerable—from 179.7 cm in the region of Doboj to 184.5 cm in the region of Trebinje. These results fill a long-term gap in the anthropological research of the Western Balkans and confirm older reports that the population of the Dinaric Alps is distinguished by extraordinary physical stature. Together with the Dutch, Montenegrins and Dalmatians, men from Herzegovina (183.4 cm) can be regarded as the tallest in the world. Because both nutritional standards and socioeconomic conditions are still deeply suboptimal, the most likely explanation of this exceptional height lies in specific genetic factors associated with the spread of Y haplogroup I-M170. The genetic potential for height in this region could then be the greatest in the world. Future studies should further elucidate the roots of this intriguing phenomenon, which touches an important aspect of human biodiversity.

Evaluation of Arm Span and Sitting Height as Proxy for Height in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Lagos, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Olufemi Akodu ◽  
Ijeoma Nnenna Diaku-Akinwumi ◽  
Omolara Adeolu Kehinde ◽  
Olisamedua Fidelis Njokanma
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span

scholarly journals Auxology Is a Valuable Instrument for the Clinical Diagnosis of SHOX Haploinsufficiency in School-Age Children with Unexplained Short Stature

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 4891-4896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Binder ◽  
Michael B. Ranke ◽  
David D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Paternal Allele ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Hand Radiography

Abstract SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing gene) mutations causing haploinsufficiency have been reported in some individuals with idiopathic short stature and in many patients with Leri-Weill-dyschondrosteosis. Around 80% of SHOX mutations are complete gene deletions, whereas diverse point mutations account for the rest. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SHOX mutations in children with idiopathic short stature and to give an unbiased characterization of the haploinsufficiency phenotype of such children. We recruited 140 children (61 girls), in our clinic, with idiopathic short stature, which was defined by the presence of normal IGF-I and free T4; a normal karyotype in females; the absence of endomysium antibodies, of chronic organic, psychological, or syndromatic disease; and by the lack of clear signs of any osteodysplasia. Height, arm span, and sitting height were recorded, and subischial leg length was calculated. Two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located around the SHOX coding region (CA-SHOX repeat and DXYS233) were PCR-amplified with fluorescent primers and separated in an automatic sequencing machine. Analysis of parental DNA was performed in the probands who had only one fragment size of each of both markers. SHOX haploinsufficiency caused by a SHOX deletion was confirmed in three probands (2%), all females, who carried a de novo deletion through loss of the paternal allele. Their auxological data revealed a significant shortening of arms and legs in the presence of a low-normal sitting height, when compared with the other 137 children tested. Therefore, the extremities-trunk ratio (sum of leg length and arm span, divided by sitting height) for total height was significantly lower in the three SHOX haploinsufficient probands, in comparison with the whole group. This observation was confirmed with the auxological data of five additional patients (four females) previously diagnosed with SHOX haploinsufficiency; all but the youngest girl had height-adjusted extremities-trunk ratios more than 1 sd below the mean. All children with SHOX haploinsufficiency exhibited at least one characteristic radiological sign of Leri-Weill-dyschondrosteosis in their left-hand radiography, namely triangularization of the distal radial epiphysis, pyramidalization of the distal carpal row, or lucency of the distal ulnar border of the radius. Our observations suggest that it is rational to limit SHOX mutation screening to children with an extremities-trunk ratio less than 1.95 + 1/2 height (m) and to add a critical judgment of the hand radiography.

Sitting Height to Standing Height Ratio Reference Charts for Children in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 221-227.e15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Sogol Mostoufi-Moab ◽  
Shana E. McCormack ◽  
Adda Grimberg ◽  
Babette S. Zemel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Sitting Height

A Multivariate Analysis of Performance in Young Swimmers

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Saavedra ◽  
Yolanda Escalante ◽  
Ferran A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
And Training

This study develops multivariate models to predict swimming performance based on multidimensional assessment. 66 male (age 13.6 ± 0.6 y) and 67 female (11.5 ± 0.6 y) swimmers undertook a test battery including a sports background and training questionnaire, anthropometry, general and specific fitness tests, and technique. Competitive performance (LEN scores in three best events) was the predicted variable. A multiple linear regression model explained 82.4% of performance variability in males (based on age, sitting height, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, and swimming index) and 84.5% in females (age, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, and velocity at 50 m). Discriminant analysis using a four-group split-sample approach correctly classified 94.1% of the best male swimmers (based on age, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, shoulder extension, arm span, and height), and 71.0% of the best females swimmers (30-min test, horizontal floating, velocity at 50 m, and age). Chronological age was the main predictor of performance in this age category. Main predictive variables pertained to the anthropometric (particularly in males), specific fitness (aerobic speed and endurance), and technical domains (particularly in females). In these ages competitions should be organized according to year of birth and not by age categories.

scholarly journals A Genome Scan for Genes Underlying Adult Body Size Differences between Central African Pygmies and their Non-Pygmy Neighbors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Pemberton ◽  
Paul Verdu ◽  
Noémie S. Becker ◽  
Cristen J. Willer ◽  
Barry S. Hewlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
A Genome ◽  
African Pygmies

AbstractBackgroundCentral African hunter-gatherer Pygmy populations have reduced body size compared with their often much larger agricultural non-Pygmy neighbors, potentially reflecting adaptation to the anatomical and physiological constraints of their lifestyle in tropical rainforests. Earlier studies investigating the genetics of the pygmy phenotype have focused on standing height, one aspect of this complex phenotype that is itself a composite of skeletal components with different growth patterns. Here, we extend the investigations of standing height to the variability and genetic architecture of sitting height and subischial leg length as well as body mass index (BMI) in a sample of 406 unrelated West Central African Pygmies and non-Pygmies.ResultsIn addition to their significantly reduced standing height compared with non-Pygmies, we find Pygmies to have significantly shorter sitting heights and subischial leg lengths as well as higher sitting/standing height ratios than non-Pygmies. However, while male Pygmies had significantly lower BMI compared with male non-Pygmies, the BMI of females were instead similar. Consistent with prior observations with standing height, sitting height and subischial leg length were strongly correlated with inferred levels of non-Pygmy genetic admixture while BMI was instead weakly correlated, likely reflecting the greater contribution of non-genetic factors to the determination of body weight compared with height. Using 196,725 SNPs on the Illumina Cardio-MetaboChip with genotypes on 358 Pygmy and 169 non-Pygmy individuals together with single-and multi-marker association approaches, we identified a single genomic region and seven genes associated with Pygmy/non-Pygmy categorization as well as 9, 10, 9, and 10 genes associated with standing and sitting height, sitting/standing height ratio, and subischial leg length, respectively. Many of the genes identified have putative functions consistent with a role in determining their associated trait as well as the complex Central African pygmy phenotype.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential of modestly sized datasets of Pygmies and non-Pygmies to detect biologically meaningful associations with traits contributing to the Central African pygmy phenotype. Moreover, they provide new insights into the phenotypic and genetic bases of the complex pygmy phenotype and offer new opportunities to facilitate our understanding of its complex evolutionary origins.

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