scholarly journals Wood and water: How trees modify wood development to cope with drought

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Daniela Rodriguez‐Zaccaro ◽  
Andrew Groover
Keyword(s):  
Wood Development ◽  
Modify Wood

scholarly journals The Wood Quality of Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Trees in an Urban Area: A Pilot Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Benas Šilinskas ◽  
Aistė Povilaitienė ◽  
Gintautas Urbaitis ◽  
Marius Aleinikovas ◽  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wood Development

This study performed a pilot evaluation of the wood quality—defined by a single parameter: dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn, N mm−2)—of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) trees in urban areas. A search of the literature revealed few studies which examined the specifics of tree wood development in urban areas. Little is known about the potential of wood from urban trees wood of their suitability for the timber industry. In this study, an acoustic velocity measuring system was used for wood quality assessment of small-leaved lime trees. The MOEdyn parameter was evaluated for small-leaved lime trees growing in two urban locations (along the streets, and in an urban park), with an additional sample of forest sites taken as the control. MOEdyn was also assessed for small-leaved lime trees visually assigned to different health classes. The obtained mean values of MOEdyn of 90–120-year old small-leaved lime trees in urban areas ranged between 2492.2 and 2715.8 N mm−2. For younger trees, the values of MOEdyn were lower in the urban areas than in the forest site. Otherwise, the results of the study showed that the small-leaved lime wood samples were of relatively good quality, even if the tree was classified as moderately damaged (which could cause a potential risk to the community). Two alternatives for urban tree management can be envisaged: (1) old trees could be left to grow to maintain the sustainability of an urban area until their natural death, or (2) the wood from selected moderately damaged trees could be used to create wood products, ensuring long-term carbon retention.

scholarly journals Wood development regulators involved in apical growth in Pinus canariensis

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Chano ◽  
J Sobrino‐Plata ◽  
C Collada ◽  
A Soto
Keyword(s):  
Apical Growth ◽  
Pinus Canariensis ◽  
Wood Development

Effect of different coupling agents on the thermal, mechanical and biological behavior of vinyl acetate-wood polymer composite

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbani ◽  
Zahra Asghari Aghmashhadi ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Amininasab ◽  
Raoufeh Abedini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Modify Wood

AbstractPoplar wood (Populus deltoidesBartr.) was modified by a combined two-step treatment with different chemicals to improve its properties. Maleic anhydride (MAN), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMPS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were first employed to modify wood cell wall resulting in WMAN, WTMPSand WGMA. Then, in a second step, the vinyl acetate (VA) monomer was let to polymerize within the cell lumina resulting in WPCMAN/VA, WPCTMPS/VAand WPCGMA/VA(WPCs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations confirmed the bulking of modified cell walls. The thermal stability, mechanical properties and decay resistance of WPCs were remarkably improved compared to unmodified wood in the order WPCGMA/VA >  WPCTMPS/VA > WPCMAN/VA. WPCMAN/VAdisplayed a significant decay resistance increment, despite lower retention and reactivity than the WPCTMPS/VA, which is probably due to a better penetration into the cell wall and the higher degree of chemical modification of the wood components.

scholarly journals SOBIR1/EVR prevents precocious initiation of fiber differentiation during wood development through a mechanism involving BP and ERECTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (37) ◽  
pp. 18710-18716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milhinhos ◽  
Francisco Vera-Sirera ◽  
Noel Blanco-Touriñán ◽  
Cristina Mari-Carmona ◽  
Àngela Carrió-Seguí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Wood Development ◽  
Genome Wide

In plants, secondary growth results in radial expansion of stems and roots, generating large amounts of biomass in the form of wood. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-guided reverse genetics inArabidopsis thaliana, we discoveredSOBIR1/EVR, previously known to control plant immunoresponses and abscission, as a regulator of secondary growth. We present anatomical, genetic, and molecular evidence indicating that SOBIR1/EVR prevents the precocious differentiation of xylem fiber, a key cell type for wood development. SOBIR1/EVR acts through a mechanism that involves BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) and ERECTA (ER), 2 proteins previously known to regulate xylem fiber development. We demonstrate that BP bindsSOBIR1/EVRpromoter and thatSOBIR1/EVRexpression is enhanced inbpmutants, suggesting a direct, negative regulation of BP overSOBIR1/EVRexpression. We show that SOBIR1/EVR physically interacts with ER and that defects caused by thesobir1/evrmutation are aggravated by mutatingER, indicating that SOBIR1/EVR and ERECTA act together in the control of the precocious formation of xylem fiber development.

scholarly journals Refined pipe theory for mechanistic modeling of wood development

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Deckmyn ◽  
S. P. Evans ◽  
T. J. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Wood Development

scholarly journals The combined effect of wetting ability and durability on outdoor performance of wood: development and verification of a new prediction approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Meyer-Veltrup ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Gry Alfredsen ◽  
Miha Humar ◽  
Per-Otto Flæte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effect ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Wood Development ◽  
Prediction Approach

scholarly journals Myxomycetes of the rotting cherry wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Wanda Stojanowska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Wood Development

During the years 1974-1975 on rotting cherry wood development of some Myxomycetes was observed. In that time 6 species of slime molds were noted: <i>Arcyria denudata, Comatricha typhoides, Dyctidium cancellatum, Lycogala epidendrum, Physarum cinereum, Stemonitis ferruginea</i>. In the decomposition of organic compounds apart from <i>Myxomycetes</i> other organism (<i>Coprinus dessiminafus</i>) also take part.

scholarly journals Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of cambium initiation and patterning in woody stem.

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congpeng Wang ◽  
Naixu Liu ◽  
Zhao Geng ◽  
Meijing Ji ◽  
Shumin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Wood Development ◽  
Procambial Cell ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract Wood formation involves sequential developmental events requiring the coordination of multiple hormones. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in wood development, but little is known about the cellular and molecular processes that underlie wood formation in tree species. Here, we generated transgenic poplar lines with edited PdBRI1 genes, which are orthologs of Arabidopsis vascular-enriched BR receptors, and showed how inhibition of BR signaling influences wood development at the mRNA and/or proteome level. Six Populus PdBRI1 genes formed three gene pairs, each of which was highly expressed in basal stems. Simultaneous mutation of PdBRI1–1, −2, −3 and − 6, which are orthologs of the Arabidopsis vascular-enriched BR receptors BRI1, BRL1 and BRL3, resulted in severe growth defects. In particular, the stems of these mutant lines displayed a discontinuous cambial ring and patterning defects in derived secondary vascular tissues. Abnormal cambial formation within the cortical parenchyma was also observed in the stems of pdbri1–1;2;3;6. Transgenic poplar plants expressing edited versions of PdBRI1–1 or PdBRI1–1;2;6 exhibited phenotypic alterations in stem development at 4.5 months of growth, indicating that there is functional redundancy among these PdBRI1 genes. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of pdbri1–1;2;3;6 stems revealed differential expression of a number of genes/proteins associated with wood development and hormones. Concordant (16%) and discordant (84%) regulation of mRNA and protein expression, including wood-associated mRNA/protein expression, was found in pdbri1–1;2;3;6 stems. This study found a dual role of BRs in procambial cell division and xylem differentiation and provides insights into the multiple layers of gene regulation that contribute to wood formation in Populus.

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