Using Near-Surface Ground Temperature Data to Derive Snow Insulation and Melt Indices for Mountain Permafrost Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Staub ◽  
Reynald Delaloye
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Data ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mountain Permafrost

scholarly journals Modelling past and future permafrost conditions in Svalbard

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1877-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Etzelmüller ◽  
T. V. Schuler ◽  
K. Isaksen ◽  
H. H. Christiansen ◽  
H. Farbrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract. Variations in ground thermal conditions in Svalbard were studied based on measurements and theoretical calculations. Ground temperature data was used to calibrate a transient heat flow model describing depth and time variations in temperatures. The model was subsequently forced with historical surface air temperature data records and downscaled global climate model runs to project ground temperatures. We discuss ground temperature development since the early 20th century, and the thermal responses in relation to ground characteristics and snow cover. The modelled ground temperatures show a gradually increase since the end of the Little Ice Age (mid 19th century on Svalbard), by about 1.5 °C to 2 °C at 20 m depth. The active layer thickness (ALT) is modelled to have increased slightly, with the rate of increase depending on water content of the near-surface layers. The used scenario runs predict a significant increase in ground temperatures and an increase of ALT depending on soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Ground thermal regime in the vicinity of relict rock glaciers (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain)

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Santos-González ◽  
Rosa González-Gutiérrez ◽  
Amélia Gómes-Villar ◽  
José Redondo-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Frost Penetration

Ground temperature data obtained from 2002 to 2007 in sites near relict rock glaciers in the cantabrian mountains, at altitudes between 1500 and 2300 meters is analysed. Snow cover lasted between 3 and 9 months and had a strong influence on the thermal regime. When snow was present, the soil was normally frozen in the first 5 to 10 cm, but daily freeze-thaw cycles were rare. In well developed soils located at sunny faces frost penetration rarely reached more than 10 cm. on the contrary in shady and windy faces with scarce snow cover, frost penetration reached, at least, 40 cm. In persistent snow patches the temperature was stable at 0 ºc, even in relict rock glaciers, where subnival winter air fluxes appear to have been very rare.

scholarly journals NORPERM, the Norwegian Permafrost Database – a TSP NORWAY IPY legacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Juliussen ◽  
H. H. Christiansen ◽  
G. S. Strand ◽  
S. Iversen ◽  
K. Midttømme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Data Loggers

Abstract. NORPERM – The Norwegian Permafrost Database was developed at the Geological Survey of Norway during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2009 as the main data legacy of the IPY research project Permafrost Observatory Project: A Contribution to the Thermal State of Permafrost in Norway and Svalbard (TSP NORWAY). This paper describes the structural and technical design of NORPERM. NORPERM follows the IPY data policy of open, free, full and timely release of IPY data, and the borehole metadata description follows the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) standard. The ground temperature data infrastructure in Norway and Svalbard is also presented, focussing on the TSP NORWAY permafrost observatory installations in the North Scandinavian Permafrost Observatory and Nordenskiöld Land Permafrost Observatory, as the data providers for NORPERM. Further developments of the database, possibly towards a regional database for the Nordic area, are also discussed. The purpose of NORPERM is to store ground temperature data safely and in a standard format for use in future research. NORPERM stores temperature time series from various depths in boreholes and from the air, snow cover, ground-surface or upper ground layer recorded by miniature temperature data-loggers, and temperature profiles with depth in boreholes obtained by occasional manual logging. It contains all the temperature data from the TSP NORWAY research project, totalling 32 boreholes and 98 sites with miniature temperature data-loggers for continuous monitoring of micrometeorological conditions, and 6 temperature depth profiles obtained by manual borehole logging. The amount of data in the database will gradually increase as data from older, previous projects are added. NORPERM also provides links to near real-time permafrost temperatures obtained by GSM data transfer.

scholarly journals Microtopographic control on the ground thermal regime in ice wedge polygons

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1957-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Abolt ◽  
Michael H. Young ◽  
Adam L. Atchley ◽  
Dylan R. Harp
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

Abstract. The goal of this research is to constrain the influence of ice wedge polygon microtopography on near-surface ground temperatures. Ice wedge polygon microtopography is prone to rapid deformation in a changing climate, and cracking in the ice wedge depends on thermal conditions at the top of the permafrost; therefore, feedbacks between microtopography and ground temperature can shed light on the potential for future ice wedge cracking in the Arctic. We first report on a year of sub-daily ground temperature observations at 5 depths and 9 locations throughout a cluster of low-centered polygons near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and demonstrate that the rims become the coldest zone of the polygon during winter, due to thinner snowpack. We then calibrate a polygon-scale numerical model of coupled thermal and hydrologic processes against this dataset, achieving an RMSE of less than 1.1 ∘C between observed and simulated ground temperature. Finally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the model by systematically manipulating the height of the rims and the depth of the troughs and tracking the effects on ice wedge temperature. The results indicate that winter temperatures in the ice wedge are sensitive to both rim height and trough depth, but more sensitive to rim height. Rims act as preferential outlets of subsurface heat; increasing rim size decreases winter temperatures in the ice wedge. Deeper troughs lead to increased snow entrapment, promoting insulation of the ice wedge. The potential for ice wedge cracking is therefore reduced if rims are destroyed or if troughs subside, due to warmer conditions in the ice wedge. These findings can help explain the origins of secondary ice wedges in modern and ancient polygons. The findings also imply that the potential for re-establishing rims in modern thermokarst-affected terrain will be limited by reduced cracking activity in the ice wedges, even if regional air temperatures stabilize.

A new approach for modeling near surface temperature lapse rate based on normalized land surface temperature data

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 111746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Solmaz Fathololoumi ◽  
Seyed Kazem Alavipanah ◽  
Majid Kiavarz ◽  
Ali Reza Vaezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Temperature Lapse Rate ◽  
Surface Temperature Data

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Structure of the Urban Heat Island in Seoul

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Hee Kim ◽  
Jong-Jin Baik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Urban Heat Island Intensity ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract The spatial and temporal structure of the urban heat island in Seoul, Korea, is investigated using near-surface temperature data measured at 31 automatic weather stations (AWSs) in the Seoul metropolitan area for the 1-yr period from March 2001 to February 2002. The urban heat island in Seoul deviates considerably from an idealized, concentric heat island structure, mainly because of the location of the main commercial and industrial sectors and the local topography. Relatively warm regions extend in the east–west direction and relatively cold regions are located near the northern and southern mountains. Several warm cores are observed whose intensity, size, and location are found to vary seasonally and diurnally. Similar to previous studies, the urban heat island in Seoul is stronger in the nighttime than in the daytime and decreases with increasing wind speed and cloud cover, but it is least developed in summer. The average maximum urban heat island intensity is 2.2°C over the 1-yr period and it is 3.4°C at 0300 local standard time (LST) and 0.6°C at 1500 LST. The reversed urban heat island is occasionally observed in the afternoon, but its intensity is very weak. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed to find the dominant modes of variability in the Seoul urban heat island. In the analysis using temperature data that are averaged for each hour of the 1-yr period, the first EOF explains 80.6% of the total variance and is a major diurnal mode. The second EOF, whose horizontal structure is positive in the eastern part of Seoul and is negative in the western part, explains 16.0% of the total variance. This mode is related to the land use type and the diurnal pattern of anthropogenic heat release. In the analysis using temperature data at 0300 LST, the leading four modes explain 72.4% of the total variance. The first EOF reflects that the weakest urban heat island intensity is in summer. It is found that the urban heat island in Seoul is stronger on weekdays than weekends.

scholarly journals Imaging Thermal Anomalies in Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems from Near-Surface Geophysical Modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gomez-Ortiz ◽  
Isabel Blanco-Montenegro ◽  
Jose Arnoso ◽  
Tomas Martin-Crespo ◽  
Mercedes Solla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Hot Dry Rock ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Convective hydrothermal systems have been extensively studied using electrical and electromagnetic methods given the strong correlation between low conductivity anomalies associated with hydrothermal brines and high temperature areas. However, studies addressing the application of similar geophysical methods to hot dry rock geothermal systems are very limited in the literature. The Timanfaya volcanic area, located on Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands), comprises one of these hot dry rock systems, where ground temperatures ranging from 250 to 605 °C have been recorded in pyroclastic deposits at shallow (<70 m) depths. With the aim of characterizing the geophysical signature of the high ground temperature areas, three different geophysical techniques (ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic induction and magnetic prospecting) were applied in a well-known geothermal area located inside Timanfaya National Park. The area with the highest ground temperatures was correlated with the location that exhibited strong ground penetrating radar reflections, high resistivity values and low magnetic anomalies. Moreover, the high ground temperature imaging results depicted a shallow, bowl-shaped body that narrowed and deepened vertically to a depth greater than 45 m. The ground penetrating radar survey was repeated three years later and exhibited subtle variations of the signal reflection patterns, or signatures, suggesting a certain temporal variation of the ground temperature. By identifying similar areas with the same geophysical signature, up to four additional geothermal areas were revealed. We conclude that the combined use of ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic induction and magnetic methods constitutes a valuable tool to locate and study both the geometry at depth and seasonal variability of geothermal areas associated with hot dry rock systems.

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