Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with domoic acid toxicosis identifies proteins associated with neurodegeneration

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4051-4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Neely ◽  
Jennifer L. Soper ◽  
Frances M. D. Gulland ◽  
P. Darwin Bell ◽  
Mark Kindy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Plasma from California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) Reveals Apolipoprotein E as a Candidate Biomarker of Chronic Domoic Acid Toxicosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0123295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Neely ◽  
Jason A. Ferrante ◽  
J. Mauro Chaves ◽  
Jennifer L. Soper ◽  
Jonas S. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

The Evaluation of Olfaction in Stranded California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) and Its Relevance to Domoic Acid Toxicosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Lauren M. De Maio ◽  
Peter F. Cook ◽  
Colleen Reichmuth ◽  
Frances M. D. Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

scholarly journals Movement, dive behavior, and survival of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) posttreatment for domoic acid toxicosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Thomas ◽  
James T. Harvey ◽  
Tracey Goldstein ◽  
Jerome Barakos ◽  
Frances Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Dive Behavior ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

Pathology of Domoic Acid Toxicity in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Silvagni ◽  
L. J. Lowenstine ◽  
T. Spraker ◽  
T. P. Lipscomb ◽  
F. M. D. Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Sea Lions

Over 100 free-ranging adult California sea lions ( Zalophus californianus) and one Northern fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus), predominantly adult females, were intoxicated by domoic acid (DA) during three harmful algal blooms between 1998 and 2000 in central and northern California coastal waters. The vector prey item was Northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax) and the primary DA-producing algal diatom was Psuedonitzschia australis. Postmortem examination revealed gross and histologic findings that were distinctive and aided in diagnosis. A total of 109 sea lions were examined, dying between 1 day and 10 months after admission to a marine mammal rehabilitation center. Persistent seizures with obtundation were the main clinical findings. Frequent gross findings in animals dying acutely consisted of piriform lobe malacia, myocardial pallor, bronchopneumonia, and complications related to pregnancy. Gross findings in animals dying months after intoxication included bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Histologic observations implicated limbic system seizure injury consistent with excitotoxin exposure. Peracutely, there was microvesicular hydropic degeneration within the neuropil of the hippocampus, amygdala, pyriform lobe, and other limbic structures. Acutely, there was ischemic neuronal necrosis, particularly apparent in the granular cells of the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cells within the hippocampus cornu ammonis (CA) sectors CA4, CA3, and CA1. Dentate granular cell necrosis has not been reported in human or experimental animal DA toxicity and may be unique to sea lions. Chronically, there was gliosis, mild nonsuppurative inflammation, and loss of laminar organization in affected areas.

scholarly journals Serum profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a diagnostic tool for domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A Neely ◽  
Jennifer L Soper ◽  
Denise J Greig ◽  
Kevin P Carlin ◽  
Elizabeth G Favre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Serum Profiling ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

Magnetic resonance imaging reveals that brain atrophy is more severe in older California sea lions with domoic acid toxicosis

Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Montie ◽  
Elizabeth Wheeler ◽  
Nicola Pussini ◽  
Thomas W.K. Battey ◽  
William Van Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

scholarly journals Polyphasic Rhabdomyositis in California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus): Pathology and Potential Causes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-629
Author(s):  
Mauricio Seguel ◽  
Kathleen M. Colegrove ◽  
Cara Field ◽  
Sophie Whoriskey ◽  
Tenaya Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
Sarcocystis Neurona ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Domoic Acid Toxicosis

A myositis syndrome has been recognized for more than a decade in California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus) but a detailed description of the lesions and potential causes of this condition is lacking. The tissues of 136 stranded CSLs with rhabdomyositis were examined. Rhabdomyositis was considered incidental in 67% (91/136) of the CSLs, and a factor contributing to the animal stranding (significant rhabdomyositis) in 33% (45/136). Of the 91 cases with incidental rhabdomyositis, lesions consisted of a few small foci of lymphohistiocytic inflammation. Of the 45 cases with significant rhabdomyositis, 28 (62%) also presented with major comorbidities such as leptospirosis (2 animals) and domoic acid toxicosis (6 animals), whereas 17 (38%) had severe polyphasic rhabdomyositis as the only major disease process associated with mortality. In these animals, most striated muscles had multiple white streaks and diffuse atrophy. Microscopically, there was myofiber necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes and histiocytes admixed with areas of myofiber regeneration, and/or moderate to severe rhabdomyocyte atrophy usually adjacent to intact Sarcocystis neurona cysts. At the interface of affected and normal muscle, occasional T lymphocytes infiltrated the sarcoplasm of intact myocytes, and occasional myofibers expressed MHCII proteins in the sarcoplasm. S. neurona antibody titers and cyst burden were higher in animals with significant polymyositis antibody titers of (26125 ± 2164, 4.5 ± 1.2 cysts per section) and active myonecrosis than animals with incidental rhabdomyositis antibody titers of (7612 ± 1042, 1.7 ± 0.82 cysts per section). The presented findings suggest that S. neurona infection and immune-mediated mechanisms could be associated with significant polyphasic rhabdomyositis in CSLs.

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