PRINCIPAL ATTITUDES REGARDING ZERO TOLERANCE AND RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SCHOOL SUSPENSIONS

Student safety represents an important goal for schools; however, policies designed to facilitate school safety may have unintended negative consequences. Zero tolerance policies, those that mandate severe punitive measures, have been widely implemented by school leaders over the last several decades; however, recent research suggests that such policies may contribute to racial disparities in the use of discipline. This chapter reviews the history of zero tolerance policies in schools and, through descriptive analysis of data from the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2011-2012, documents racial disparities in the use of expulsions. Findings suggest that while zero tolerance policies may contribute to such disparities, the racial disparities are more pronounced for non-zero tolerance expulsions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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Ontario Safe Schools Act And Its Effects On Racialized Immigrant Youth: 'School To Prison Pipelone'

10.32920/ryerson.14645145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofiya Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Justice System ◽

School Discipline ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Immigrant Youth ◽

Minority Youth ◽

Safe Schools ◽

Police Contact ◽

School Suspensions ◽

Canadian Studies ◽

Disciplinary Procedures

It is recognized that racialized youth are significantly over-represented in the Canadian Criminal Justice System relative to their population percentages. Research also determined that similar disproportion exists with respect to school discipline. Similar to US research, a number of Canadian studies found that racialized youth are being disproportionately affected by zero-tolerance school disciplinary policies, such as the Ontario Safe Schools Act. Such research also hypothesized about a "school-to-prison pipeline" for minority youth. This MRP explores the link between immigration, policing, and school disciplinary policies in Ontario, Canada. In particular, the MRP investigates the racialization of school disciplinary procedures that largely affect immigrant youth, and the criminalization of certain behaviors that may lead visible minority youth, including immigrant youth, to having disproportionate police contact. The findings suggest that there is a relation between racial disproportion of school suspensions and expulsions and the racial disproportion in the likelihood of youth- police contact.

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Principal discretion and the use of out-of-school suspension in public high schools

10.32469/10355/69949 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Seth Harrell

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

High School Principals ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Student Discipline ◽

School Suspension ◽

Study Results ◽

School Suspensions ◽

Student Misbehavior ◽

Principal Decision Making ◽

Out Of School

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to analyze school principal's perception and use of out-of-school suspension as a consequence to address student misbehavior. This study was conducted on current acting high school principals in the southeast region of a Midwestern state. Participants completed a survey that consisted of items related to principal decision making as well as the use of zero-tolerance policies to determine discipline outcomes. Survey items were designed to determine how out-of-school suspensions are used in relation to the use of principal discretion and zero-tolerance policies. Principals in this study were given the opportunity to participate in follow-up interviews where principals were asked more specific questions about their use of out-ofschool suspension as a form of student discipline. Study results found that principals felt the use of out-of-school suspension were an effective consequence to address student misbehavior. Principals felt they had the autonomy to use their discretion to determine the most appropriate consequence to address student misbehavior in their respective schools. Opinions were mixed on the use of zero-tolerance policies. A majority of surveyed participants felt that zero-tolerance policies were an effective method used to address student misbehavior. However, principals who were interviewed preferred to use their discretion over zero-tolerance policies when determining the most appropriate consequence because principals wanted to be able to consider all of the circumstances of a discipline situation. Principals concluded that out-of-school suspensions are necessary in-order to protect the learning environment for all students; however, there are inconsistencies in the use of such suspensions. These inconsistencies are present through the use of principal discretion and decision making, the use of zero-tolerance policies, the length of the suspension, and the unnecessary use of suspensions for minor discipline infractions.

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Alternative to zero-tolerance policies and out-of-school suspensions: A multitiered centered perspective

Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work ◽

10.1080/15313204.2018.1528914 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 421-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Kyere ◽

Andrea Joseph ◽

Kai Wei

Keyword(s):

Zero Tolerance ◽

School Suspensions ◽

Out Of School

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Ontario Safe Schools Act And Its Effects On Racialized Immigrant Youth: 'School To Prison Pipelone'

10.32920/ryerson.14645145.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofiya Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Justice System ◽

School Discipline ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Immigrant Youth ◽

Minority Youth ◽

Safe Schools ◽

Police Contact ◽

School Suspensions ◽

Canadian Studies ◽

Disciplinary Procedures

It is recognized that racialized youth are significantly over-represented in the Canadian Criminal Justice System relative to their population percentages. Research also determined that similar disproportion exists with respect to school discipline. Similar to US research, a number of Canadian studies found that racialized youth are being disproportionately affected by zero-tolerance school disciplinary policies, such as the Ontario Safe Schools Act. Such research also hypothesized about a "school-to-prison pipeline" for minority youth. This MRP explores the link between immigration, policing, and school disciplinary policies in Ontario, Canada. In particular, the MRP investigates the racialization of school disciplinary procedures that largely affect immigrant youth, and the criminalization of certain behaviors that may lead visible minority youth, including immigrant youth, to having disproportionate police contact. The findings suggest that there is a relation between racial disproportion of school suspensions and expulsions and the racial disproportion in the likelihood of youth- police contact.

Download Full-text

Racial Disproportionalities in Discipline

Discrimination and Diversity ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1933-1.ch057 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1251-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Chris Curran

Keyword(s):

Civil Rights ◽

Data Collection ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

School Safety ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Student Safety ◽

History Of

Student safety represents an important goal for schools; however, policies designed to facilitate school safety may have unintended negative consequences. Zero tolerance policies, those that mandate severe punitive measures, have been widely implemented by school leaders over the last several decades; however, recent research suggests that such policies may contribute to racial disparities in the use of discipline. This chapter reviews the history of zero tolerance policies in schools and, through descriptive analysis of data from the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2011-2012, documents racial disparities in the use of expulsions. Findings suggest that while zero tolerance policies may contribute to such disparities, the racial disparities are more pronounced for non-zero tolerance expulsions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Download Full-text

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134892 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 258-259

Author(s):

Martin J. Mahon ◽

Patrick W. Keating ◽

John T. McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Plant Management ◽

Defect Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Root Cause ◽

Cutting Out ◽

Foreign Materials ◽

Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

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