Secondary phase formation in Zn-rich Cu2ZnSnSe4-based solar cells annealed in low pressure and temperature conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fairbrother ◽  
Xavier Fontané ◽  
Victor Izquierdo-Roca ◽  
Marcel Placidi ◽  
Dioulde Sylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

scholarly journals In situ observation of secondary phase formation in Fe implanted GaN annealed in low pressure N2 atmosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (23) ◽  
pp. 232506 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Talut ◽  
J. Grenzer ◽  
H. Reuther ◽  
A. Shalimov ◽  
C. Baehtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Secondary phase formation by liquid immiscibility in Ca3Ta(Ga1−xAlx)3Si2O14 melt

2019 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Yuki Honda ◽  
Hiromasa Niinomi ◽  
Jun Nozawa ◽  
Junpei Okada ◽  
Satoshi Uda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Liquid Immiscibility ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Identification of Secondary Phases Formed During Unsaturated Reaction of UO2 with EJ-13 Water

1989 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Bates ◽  
B. S. Tani ◽  
E. Veleckis ◽  
O. J. Wronklewicz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Yucca Mountain ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

ABSTRACTA set of experiments, wherein UO2 has been contacted by dripping water, has been conducted over a period of 182.5 weeks. The experiments are being conducted to develop procedures to study spent fuel reaction under unsaturated conditions that are expected to exist over the lifetime of the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site. One half of the experiments have been terminated, while one half are ongoing. Analyses of solutions that have dripped from the reacted UO2 have been performed for all experiments, while reacted UO2 surfaces have been examined for the terminated experiments. A pulse of uranium release from the UO2 solid, combined with the formation of schoepite on the surface of the UO2, was observed between 39 and 96 weeks of reaction. Thereafter, the uranium release decreased and a second set of secondary phases was observed. The latter phases incorporated cations from the EJ-13 water and include boltwoodite, uranophane, sklodowskite, compreignacite, and schoepite. The experiments are continuing to monitor whether additional changes in solution chemistry or secondary phase formation occurs.

scholarly journals Suppression of secondary phase formation in Fe implanted ZnO single crystals

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 062107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Potzger ◽  
Shengqiang Zhou ◽  
H. Reuther ◽  
K. Kuepper ◽  
G. Talut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Uranium release and secondary phase formation during unsaturated testing of UO2 at 90°C

1992 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Wronkiewicz ◽  
John K. Bates ◽  
Thomas J. Gerding ◽  
Ewald Veleckis ◽  
Benjamin S. Tani
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Effects of Composition Variations on Microstructure and Chemical Durability of West Valley Reference Glass.

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Buechele ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
H. Gu ◽  
I. S. Muller ◽  
W. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Product Durability

ABSTRACTGlasses suitable for high-level nuclear waste vitrification must meet a number of requirements including processability, durability, and phase stability. Our new data indicate that the West Valley Reference 5 composition meets these requirements: it is phase stable over the expected range of melter temperatures and residence times, and only minimal (<2 vol %) secondary phase formation, consisting predominantly of iron-group spinels, is expected in the canister cooled glass. Leach tests have shown that the durability of Reference 5 is significantly less sensitive to spinel formation than the earlier Reference 4. However, natural process variations during production will result in a range of glass compositions around the nominal composition. In this paper we report on the effects of composition changes around Reference 5 on the phase stability upon heat treatment and the consequent effects on chemical durability. Since variations in the waste-stream levels of most major components can be accommodated by adjusting the quantities of the glass-forming additives we focus here on a group of components for which this is generally not the case: Ca, Ce, Cr, Mn, Ni, S, and Fe. While many of these components are present at below 1 wt % they could have potentially significant indirect effects on product durability due to enhancement of secondary phase formation. The results provide a data base to support broad (≥300%) tolerance ranges to variation of levels of most of these components. Viscosity data are also reported.

Processing-induced secondary phase formation in Mo-substituted lanthanum tungstate membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Ran ◽  
Wendelin Deibert ◽  
Hongchu Du ◽  
Daesung Park ◽  
Mariya E. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Uranium secondary phase formation during anoxic hydrothermal leaching processes of UO2 nuclear fuel

2005 ◽  
Vol 341 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amme ◽  
T. Wiss ◽  
H. Thiele ◽  
P. Boulet ◽  
H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation
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