Surfactant concentration effects on amorphous PETG-montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS) nanocomposite films

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Ranade ◽  
Nandika D'Souza ◽  
Christopher Thellen ◽  
Jo Ann Ratto
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Concentration Effects

Surfactant Concentration Effects on Micellar Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arben Jusufi ◽  
David N. LeBard ◽  
Benjamin G. Levine ◽  
Michael L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Micellar Properties

Surfactant Concentration Effects on Nitroxide-Mediated Living Free Radical Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (18) ◽  
pp. 6915-6919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Pan ◽  
E. David Sudol ◽  
Victoria L. Dimonie ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Aasser
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Concentration Effects

Studies on characterization and cryogenic mechanical properties of polyimide-layered silicate nanocomposite films

Polymer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (22) ◽  
pp. 7579-7587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-He Zhang ◽  
Jun-Tao Wu ◽  
Shao-Yun Fu ◽  
Shi-Yong Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Cryogenic Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Fire Retardancy and Morphology of Nylon 6-Clay Nanocomposite Compositions

2005 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan ◽  
Sandeep Razdan ◽  
Nick Dembsey ◽  
Quinguo Fan ◽  
Yong K Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Nanocomposite Sample ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Burn Rate

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effect of organically modified clay on the thermal and flammability behavior of nylon 6 nanocomposites. We also used zinc borate along with layered silicate with an aim of achieving synergistic effect in flame retardancy. It is found that addition of 10 wt% clay reduced the onset decomposition (5% wt loss) temperature of nylon 6 by 20°C, while addition of 5 wt% zinc borate and 5 wt% clay in combination reduced it by around 10°C. Differential thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the peak decomposition temperature was not affected by the addition of clay, but the rate of weight loss decreased with increasing clay concentration. The horizontal burning behavior of the nanocomposite films of approximately 0.5mm thickness changed with additive concentration. The nanocomposites with 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% clay burned for almost the same duration as neat nylon 6 but dripping was reduced. The 10 wt% clay nanocomposite sample burned without any dripping and the flame spread rate was reduced by 25-30%. The burn rate of 5 wt % zinc borate/5 wt% clay nanocomposite sample was about 20% higher than that of 10 wt% clay nanocomposite sample, which could be attributed to varying char morphology. Scanning electron microscopy images of the 10wt% clay nanocomposite char surface and cross- section revealed an integrated layer of clay platelets with increasing density gradient from the center to the surface, while the 5 wt% zinc borate/5 wt% clay nanocomposite char appeared foamy and porous. The 5 wt% zinc borate and 5 wt% clay sample developed into a very good intumescent system in cone calorimeter test, swelling about 10-13mm height prior to ignition forming a cellular char structure. This was as effective as the 10wt% clay nanocomposite sample in reducing the heat release and mass loss rate of nylon 6 by around 65%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the 10 wt% clay nanocomposite char showed the presence of amides, indicating possible residual polymer within the shielded char.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Formation of Cerium Oxide/Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Qi Wang ◽  
Teresa Diane Golden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cerium oxide/montmorillonite nanocomposite films were synthesized electrochemically from solutions containing 0.5 to 50% Na-montmorillonite. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Nanocomposite films synthesized from montmorillonite concentrations lower than 10% were continuous, uniform, and dense. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the nanocomposite films retain the face-centered cubic structure of cerium oxide while incorporating exfoliated platelets of the montmorillonite into the matrix. In addition, calculations from XRD data showed particle sizes ranging from 4.50 to 6.50 nm for the nanocomposite coatings. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy had peaks present for cerium oxide and the layered silicates in the coatings. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of montmorillonite throughout the cerium oxide matrix.

scholarly journals Supersaturation and Solubilization upon In Vitro Digestion of Fenofibrate Type I Lipid Formulations: Effect of Droplet Size, Surfactant Concentration and Lipid Type

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Vladimir Katev ◽  
Sonya Tsibranska-Gyoreva ◽  
Zahari Vinarov ◽  
Slavka Tcholakova
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Type I ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Drug Solubilization

Lipid-based formulations (LBF) enhance oral drug absorption by promoting drug solubilization and supersaturation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the lipid carrier type, drop size and surfactant concentration on the rate of fenofibrate release in a bicarbonate-based in vitro digestion model. The effect of the lipid carrier was studied by preparing type I LBF with drop size ≈ 2 µm, based on medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), sunflower oil (SFO), coconut oil (CNO) and cocoa butter (CB). The drop size and surfactant concentration effects were assessed by studying MCT and SFO-based formulations with a drop size between 400 nm and 14 µm and surfactant concentrations of 1 or 10%. A filtration through a 200 nm filter followed by HPLC analysis was used to determine the aqueous fenofibrate, whereas lipid digestion was followed by gas chromatography. Shorter-chain triglycerides were key in promoting a faster drug release. The fenofibrate release from long-chain triglyceride formulations (SFO, CNO and CB) was governed by solubilization and was enhanced at a smaller droplet size and higher surfactant concentration. In contrast, supersaturation was observed after the digestion of MCT emulsions. In this case, a smaller drop size and higher surfactant had negative effects: lower peak fenofibrate concentrations and a faster onset of precipitation were observed. The study provides new mechanistic insights on drug solubilization and supersaturation after LBF digestion, and may support the development of new in silico prediction models.

Surfactant Concentration Effects on the Aqueous Phase Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-284 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Víctor M. Ovando-Medina ◽  
René D. Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects
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