A stronger latent‐variable methodology to actual–ideal discrepancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Francesca Scalas ◽  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy

We introduce a latent actual–ideal discrepancy (LAID) approach based on structural equation models (SEMs) with multiple indicators and empirically weighted variables. In Study 1, we demonstrate with simulated data, the superiority of a weighted approach to discrepancy in comparison to a classic unweighted one. In Study 2, we evaluate the effects of actual and ideal appearance on physical self‐concept and self‐esteem. Actual appearance contributes positively to physical self‐concept and self‐esteem, whereas ideal appearance contributes negatively. In support of multidimensional perspective, actual‐ and ideal‐appearance effects on self‐esteem are substantially—but not completely—mediated by physical self‐concept. Whereas this pattern of results generalises across gender and age, multiple‐group invariance tests show that the effect of actual appearance on physical self‐concept is larger for women than for men. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Tracking the Elusive Actual-Ideal Discrepancy Model Within Latent Subpopulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre J. S. Morin ◽  
L. Francesca Scalas ◽  
Herbert W. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Discrepancy Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
Ideal Discrepancy

This substantive-methodological synergy applies mixture modeling to verify whether the elusive, yet widely endorsed, actual-ideal discrepancy (AID) model might be verified in specific subgroups. Relations between Actual and Ideal Appearance, Physical Self-Concept (PSC), and Global Self-Esteem (GSE) were assessed with Mixture Structural Equation Models in a large sample of youth (N = 1,693). The results revealed three profiles, one of which (25.7%) supported the predicted negative effect of Ideal Appearance on PSC. The relations seem to be more complex than assumed, such that the effects of Actual Appearance on PSC/GSE increase as ideal standards increase, and that the negative effects of ideal standards on PSC are only apparent when these standards are lower. These results suggest the need for a revised AID model where ideals play a weighting role in the relations between Actual Appearance, PSC, and GSE.

Construct Validation of Hebrew Versions of Three Physical Self-Concept Measures: An Extended Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli ◽  
Sima Zach ◽  
Garry E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Physical Education Majors ◽  
Validity Criteria

This study extends support for the construct validity of the three strongest physical self-concept measures for 395 Israeli university students (60% women) aged 18 to 54, demonstrating a new extension of the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design that incorporates external validity criteria and a test of jingle-jangle fallacies. Structural equation models of this MTMM data confirmed the a priori 23-factor structure of the three instruments, and the convergent and discriminant validity of factors from each instrument in relation to those from the other instruments. There were few age effects, whereas gender differences were smaller than expected and stable over age. In support of the known-group-difference approach, physical education majors had systematically higher physical self-concepts than management majors. Relations of body image to self-concept factors supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the physical self-concept factors and the separation of body fat from physical appearance self-concepts, but having a more obese body was not significantly related to health self-concept or global self-esteem factors.

scholarly journals Optimizing Detection of True Within-Person Effects for Intensive Measurement Designs: A Comparison of Multilevel SEM and Unit-Weighted Scale Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Scott Michael Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Weighted Model ◽  
The Impact

Intensive repeated measurement designs are frequently used to investigate within-person variation over relatively brief intervals of time. The majority of research utilizing these designs rely on unit-weighted scale scores, which assume that the constructs are measured without error. An alternative approach makes use of multilevel structural equation models (MSEM), which permit the specification of latent variables at both within-person and between-person levels. These models disaggregate measurement error from systematic variance, which should result in less biased within-person estimates and larger effect sizes. Differences in power, precision, and bias between multilevel unit-weighted and MSEM models were compared through a series of Monte Carlo simulations. Results based on simulated data revealed that precision was consistently poorer in the MSEM models than the unit-weighted models, particularly when reliability was low. However, the degree of bias was considerably greater in the unit-weighted model than the latent variable model. Although the unit-weighted model consistently underestimated the effect of a covariate, it generally had similar power relative to the MSEM model due to the greater precision. Considerations for scale development and the impact of within-person reliability are highlighted.

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities Explain Wording Effects in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Measurement Models

There is consensus that the 10 items of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) reflect wording effects resulting from positively and negatively keyed items. The present study examined the effects of cognitive abilities on the factor structure of the RSES with a novel, nonparametric latent variable technique called local structural equation models. In a nationally representative German large-scale assessment including 12,437 students competing measurement models for the RSES were compared: a bifactor model with a common factor and a specific factor for all negatively worded items had an optimal fit. Local structural equation models showed that the unidimensionality of the scale increased with higher levels of reading competence and reasoning, while the proportion of variance attributed to the negatively keyed items declined. Wording effects on the factor structure of the RSES seem to represent a response style artifact associated with cognitive abilities.

scholarly journals Self-esteem, social comparison, and Facebook use

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bergagna ◽  
Stefano Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
The Individual

Facebook use is very popular among young people, but many open issues remain regarding the individual traits that are antecedents of different behaviours enacted online. This study aimed to investigate whether the relationship between self-esteem and the amount of time on Facebook could be mediated by a tendency towards social comparison. Moreover, three different modalities of Facebook use were distinguished, i.e., social interaction, simulation, and search for relations. Because of gender differences in technology use and social comparison, the mediation models were tested separately for males and females. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire with a sample of 250 undergraduate and graduate Italian students (mean age: 22.18 years). The relations were examined empirically by means of four structural equation models. The results revealed the role of orientation to social comparison in mediating the relations between low self-esteem and some indicators of Facebook use, i.e., daily hours on Facebook and the use of Facebook for simulation. For females, the use of Facebook for social interaction was directly influenced by high self-esteem and indirectly influenced by low self-esteem. Globally, the dimension of social comparison on Facebook emerged as more important for females than for males.

Heritability of DUI Convictions: A Twin Study of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Anum ◽  
Judy Silberg ◽  
Sheldon M. Retchin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Males And Females

Background: The study was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on drunk-driving. Methods: Driving records of a cohort of male and female twins (N = 17,360) from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry were examined. Structural equation models were used to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on male and female phenotypes, and test for gender differences. Results: There were significant gender and age effects. Compared with females, males were five times more likely to engage in driving under the influence. Among persons aged 21–49 years, the risk for drunk-driving was eight times that for those aged 50+ years and five times greater than those ≤20 years. In both males and females, aged 21–49 years, a large proportion (57%) of the variance in drunk-driving was due to genetic factors and the remaining 43% due to individual specific environmental influences. Conclusions: Drunk-driving is under significant genetic influence in both males and females. Our findings suggest that a different set of genes influence DUIs in men and women.

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