The moderator role of intuitive versus deliberative decision making for the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Richetin ◽  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Iqbal Adjali ◽  
Robert Hurling
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Moderator Role ◽  
Explicit Measures

The Preference for Intuition and Deliberation (PID) scale aims at capturing stable general individual differences in terms of intuitive versus deliberative preferences in decision making. A study examined the psychometric properties of the English version of the PID, investigated whether the two subscales moderate the validity of implicit and explicit measures for incidental and deliberative evaluations and behaviours concerning fizzy soft drinks, and compared the predictive validity of two new implicit measures (ST‐IAT and ID‐EAST) and an explicit measure. Results showed an asymmetric weak double dissociation pattern only for behaviours. Additionally, a moderation effect suggested that the ST‐IAT better predicted sensory evaluation for people high in intuition and explicit attitudes better predicted benefit evaluation for people high in deliberation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

When Temporal Contiguity Matters

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Richetin ◽  
Marco Perugini
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Temporal Contiguity ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Explicit Measure ◽  
Construct Accessibility ◽  
Explicit Measures

Whereas several recent studies have examined the role of various personal and situational variables as moderators of the predictive validity of implicit measures, the role played by methodological factors has attracted relatively less attention. A two-session study (N = 104) investigated the influence of temporal contiguity between measurement and criterion on the validities of two implicit measures, the SC-IAT and the IAT, and an explicit measure, for predicting the results of a rapid picture-choice task. Because temporal contiguity between the independent and dependent variables can be framed in terms of accessibility, it was expected to moderate the predictive validities of the implicit but not of the explicit measures. The hypothesis was confirmed: The contiguity moderated the predictive validities of both implicit measures for the rapid picture-choice task. This moderation effect did not occur for explicit measures. Results also demonstrated that the SC-IAT did not show robust predictive validity whereas the IAT had an incremental validity for self-reported behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of the role played by construct accessibility in the predictive validity of implicit measures.

scholarly journals Predicting Contamination Aversion Using Implicit and Explicit Measures of Disgust and Threat Overestimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Rouel ◽  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Evelyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
Contamination Fear ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation have consistently been found to be involved in contamination aversion. However, evidence of the involvement of these factors at the implicit level is mixed, and the role of both responses has not been looked at concurrently. This study aimed to compare the ability of implicit and explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation to predict contamination aversion and whether this depends on the type of contaminant. Sixty-five participants completed explicit and implicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation, as well as several measures of contamination aversion, including obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and contamination fear and avoidance of contaminants directly associated with disease (direct contaminants) and harmful substances (harm contaminants). It was found that both explicit disgust and explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination-fear obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Explicit disgust predicted contamination fear and avoidance of direct contaminants, whereas explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination fear and avoidance of harm contaminants. The involvement of implicit processes was weak, with some suggestion of difficulty disengaging predicting avoidance of contaminants. Implications for understanding dysfunctional contamination aversion are discussed.

Investigating Measures of Achievement Motivation(s)

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ziegler ◽  
Stefan Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff ◽  
Markus Bühner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

After a long debate there is now growing agreement that implicit and explicit achievement motivation can be seen as distinct constructs. One of their major differences lies in their predictive validity, which supposedly differs depending on the setting. Empirical evidence exists to the effect that different explicit measures based on different theoretical concepts build one construct. For implicit measures, however, such evidence is lacking. Thus, scores on three implicit and three explicit achievement motivation measures, an intelligence test, and a Big 5 questionnaire were obtained (N = 150) as well as two criteria. The explicit achievement motivation measures were classified as being based either on Murray’s or on McClelland’s theory. Results replicate the idea of a common construct for explicit measures but not for implicit measures. The assumed predictions did not occur for all tests and disappeared when controlling for intelligence.

scholarly journals Attitudes on Affirmative Action in University Students: Effects of Race, Political Beliefs and Prejudice

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Pilati ◽  
Mathieu Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explicit Measures

The interplay between explicit and implicit attitudes toward affirmative action (AA) policies is relevant to applied psychology. Its comprehension helps to improve our capacity to evaluate support for such policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which students’ race, political opinion of affirmative action, and prejudice against minorities influence the relationship between implicit-explicit attitudes toward affirmative action policies. 492 student participants were recruited from a large Brazilian public university about racial quotas in admissions. Implicit and explicit measures of attitude about the admission process were applied, together with measures of political opinion of affirmative action, prejudice against minorities and race. The results show that race has little effect on the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes about the admission process, but that prejudice and political position exert strong effects. Our findings suggest that implicit measures of attitudes should be used when evaluating attitudes on AA.

scholarly journals The target/perpetrator brief-implicit association test (B-IAT): an implicit instrument for efficiently measuring discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Marini ◽  
Pamela D. Waterman ◽  
Emry Breedlove ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
Christian Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Abstract Background To date, research assessing discrimination has employed primarily explicit measures (i.e., self-reports), which can be subject to intentional and social desirability processes. Only a few studies, focusing on sex and race/ethnicity discrimination, have relied on implicit measures (i.e., Implicit Association Test, IAT), which permit assessing mental representations that are outside of conscious control. This study aims to advance measurement of discrimination by extending the application of implicit measures to multiple types of discrimination and optimizing the time required for the administration of these instruments. Methods Between September 27th 2019 and February 9th 2020, we conducted six experiments (984 participants) to assess implicit and explicit discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age. Implicit discrimination was measured by using the Brief-Implicit Association Test (B-IAT), a new validated version of the IAT developed to shorten the time needed (from ≈15 to ≈2 min) to assess implicit mental representations, while explicit discrimination was assessed using self-reported items. Results Among participants (mean age = 37.8), 68.6% were White Non-Hispanic; 69% were females; 76.1% were heterosexual; 90.7% were gender conforming; 52.8% were medium weight; and 41.5% had an advanced level of education. Overall, we found implicit and explicit recognition of discrimination towards all the target groups (stronger for members of the target than dominant groups). Some exceptions emerged in experiments investigating race/ethnicity and weight discrimination. In the racism experiment, only people of Color showed an implicit recognition of discrimination towards the target group, while White people were neutral. In the fatphobia experiment, participants who were not heavy showed a slight implicit recognition of discrimination towards the dominant group, while heavy participants were neutral. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the B-IAT is a valuable tool for quickly assessing multiple types of implicit discrimination. It shows also that implicit and explicit measures can display diverging results, thus indicating that research would benefit from the use of both these instruments. These results have important implications for the assessment of discrimination in health research as well as in social and psychological science.

Implicit and explicit measures of the sensory and hedonic analysis of beer: The role of tasting expertise

2021 ◽  
pp. 110873
Author(s):  
Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo ◽  
David Garcia-Burgos ◽  
Andrés Catena ◽  
Felisa González
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Analysis ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Implicit and Explicit Personality Measures

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Trait Analysis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Implicit Personality ◽  
Implicit Assessment ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Abstract. Explicit personality measures assess introspectively accessible self-descriptions. In contrast, implicit personality measures assess introspectively inaccessible processes that operate outside awareness. However, for both kinds of trait measures, the effect of the situation in which the assessment takes place should be as small as possible. The present study aims at quantifying possible systematic occasion-specific effects on implicit measures (Implicit Association Test) and explicit measures (self-report ratings) of extraversion and anxiety by means of a latent state-trait analysis. This analysis revealed that - as desired for personality assessment - all four measures capture mostly stable interindividual differences. Nevertheless, occasion-specific effects were also observed. These effects were (1) more pronounced for implicit than for explicit measures and (2) more pronounced for anxiety than for extraversion. Implications for the implicit assessment of personality traits are discussed.

Race of Athlete-Spokesperson and Implicit and Explicit Responses to Advertising

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howon Jeong ◽  
Sungho Cho ◽  
Minyoung Lee ◽  
Endarman Sputra
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Black Athlete ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
Implicit Preferences ◽  
White Athletes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

In this study we investigated racial vs. athletes from other countries, bias and differences in attitude of South Koreans toward advertisements featuring Korean vs. foreign athletes and White vs. Black athletes by implementing explicit and implicit measures. The results suggest that Koreans have: (a) implicit preferences for Korean athletes over foreign athletes, (b) implicit attitudes that are more favorable toward advertisements featuring Korean athletes than toward those featuring foreign athlete-spokespersons, (c) implicit preferences for White athletes over Black athletes, and (d) implicit attitudes that are more favorable toward advertisements featuring White athlete-spokespersons than toward those featuring Black athlete-spokespersons. The explicit measures revealed several contradictory results; therefore we have discussed implications for the discrepancy between implicit and explicit measurement methods and the usefulness of implicit measures in the context of racial bias research.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF IMPLICIT ATTITUDES TOWARDS GAMBLING FOR GAMBLERS AND NON-GAMBLERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Irina Plotka ◽  
Nina Blumenau ◽  
Zhanna Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Gamblers Anonymous ◽  
Explicit Measures

The importance of studying attitudes towards gambling has been recently recognized in the field of gambling. Research aim is to examine whether non-gamblers and gamblers exhibit both positive and negative implicit attitudes towards gambling-related stimuli. Research questions: (I) What is the valence of implicit associations with gambling among gamblers and non-gamblers? (II) Are the differences in attitudes towards gambling revealed by explicit and implicit methods among gamblers and non–gamblers? (III) Is there a consistency between results obtained by implicit measures and explicit measures of attitude towards gambling? Methods: Participants - 98, age 18-58, Mdn=34 years. Groups: Social Gamblers – 24, Problem Gamblers – 25, Non-Gamblers – 49. Implicit measures: Modified version of Single-Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). Explicit measures: “Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs (GABS)” and “Gamblers anonymous twenty questions (GA-20)”. Results and Conclusions. (I) Both positive and negative implicit gambling associations were found in each of the groups. (II) Explicit attitudes towards gambling are most pronounced in social gamblers and most not pronounced in non-gamblers. Differences in implicit associations with gambling among the groups were not found. (III) In case of positive implicit associations, a negative correlation between the results of explicit and implicit measurements was found. It is possible that the use of negative implicit associations will contribute to the classification of gamblers with low, moderate and high risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document