Cognitive strategies in coping with expedition stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser N. Watts ◽  
Shernaaz M. Webster ◽  
Colin J. Morley ◽  
John Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Coping

Expeditions provide a valuable opportunity for studying processes of coping with a stressful situation. An expedition to India organized by the British Schools Exploring Society has already been reported as being accompanied by positive changes on self‐report personality scales. This paper is concerned with detailed cognitive coping measures completed throughout the 6 weeks of the expedition. It needs to be noted that the results relate to young adults and to those who provided detailed coping information; the generalizability of the result is a matter for future research. The expedition presented a mixture of physical and social stresses. Men enjoyed the physical experience more than women, but women enjoyed the social experience more than men. There was generally greater reliance on personal resources than on social support in coping with stress. This was particularly true for men in coping with physical stress and women in coping with social stress. In general, the physical stresses had been better anticipated than the social ones. Positive reformulations were much more widely used as coping strategies than avoidance/resignation strategies, especially so for physical stresses. However, use of avoidance/resignation strategies was the better predictor of outcome, with those who used them being least likely to show positive personality change as a result of the expedition. The results are related to current research on stress and coping.

Stress and Coping Theory Across the Adult Lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
David M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
And Coping

Stress is a broad and complex phenomenon characterized by environmental demands, internal psychological processes, and physical outcomes. The study of stress is multifaceted and commonly divided into three theoretical perspectives: social, psychological, and biological. The social stress perspective emphasizes how stressful life experiences are embedded into social structures and hierarchies. The psychological stress perspective highlights internal processes that occur during stressful situations, such as individual appraisals of the threat and harm of the stressors and of the ways of coping with such stressors. Finally, the biological stress perspective focuses on the acute and long-term physiological changes that result from stressors and their associated psychological appraisals. Stress and coping are inherently intertwined with adult development.

Alexithymic Traits as Predictors of Difficulties with Adjustment in an Outpatient Cohort of Expatriates in Tokyo

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Fukunishi ◽  
James Wogan ◽  
Douglas Berger ◽  
Tomifusa Kuboki
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Toronto Alexithymia Scale ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
And Coping

The purpose of this study was to examine whether alexithymic characteristics, which are thought to be related to poor coping with stress, would be associated with variables thought to reflect adjustment to life abroad. The subjects were 56 expatriates living in Tokyo, Japan. The Expatriate Adaptation Inventory, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire of the Stress and Coping Inventory were given to the subjects. Scores on alexithymia were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with life abroad, higher satisfaction with life in one's home country prior to departure, and higher ratings on the perception of poor social support. An alexithymia variable, difficulty identifying feelings, was a significant predictor of dissatisfaction with life abroad and satisfaction with life in the home country. The results suggest that, because alexithymia was associated with lower satisfaction with life abroad and higher satisfaction in the home country prior to departure, it may be a predictor of adjustment difficulties when individuals live abroad. Empirical confirmation is needed.

scholarly journals Using Media for Coping: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 009365022093977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara N. Wolfers ◽  
Frank M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
And Coping

Mobile phones, television, internet services, games, and social media offer diverse and numerous opportunities for coping with stress in everyday life. Different disciplines have contributed to answering how these media are used for coping. Consequently, fragmented and disconnected research perspectives have evolved. To improve integration, we conducted a scoping review. A total of 318 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three main perspectives on media use for coping were identified: (1) stress and coping, (2) mood management and emotion regulation, and (3) media addiction and problematic media use. Each perspective has contributed to different aspects of the use of media for coping. Six advancements are proposed, which attempt to integrate perspectives and to guide future research on coping using media.

The Coping Scales From the German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Eschenbeck ◽  
Uwe Heim-Dreger ◽  
Denise Kerkhoff ◽  
Carl-Walter Kohlmann ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Language Version ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Coping

Abstract. The coping scales from the Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2018 ) are subscales of a theoretically based and empirically validated self-report instrument for assessing, originally in the German language, the five strategies of seeking social support, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, and anger-related emotion regulation. The present study examined factorial structure, measurement invariance, and internal consistency across five different language versions: English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. The original German version was compared to each language version separately. Participants were 5,271 children and adolescents recruited from primary and secondary schools from Germany ( n = 3,177), France ( n = 329), Russia ( n = 378), the Dominican Republic ( n = 243), Ukraine ( n = 437), and several English-speaking countries such as Australia, Great Britain, Ireland, and the USA (English-speaking sample: n = 707). For the five different language versions of the SSKJ 3–8 coping questionnaire, confirmatory factor analyses showed configural as well as metric and partial scalar invariance (French) or partial metric invariance (English, Russian, Spanish, Ukrainian). Internal consistency coefficients of the coping scales were also acceptable to good. Significance of the results was discussed with special emphasis on cross-cultural research on individual differences in coping.

Gender Differences in Grief Reactions following the Death of a Parent

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jeglic ◽  
Laura T. Matthews ◽  
Carolyn M. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Death Of A Parent ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Grief Reactions

This study examined gender differences in psychological functioning in a sample of college students who lost a parent to death. Male and female students ( n = 65) who had a parent that had died were asked to complete a series of self report questionnaires to assess psychological distress, feelings of grief and bereavement, and coping strategies. Overall, no gender differences were found between bereaved students on measures of psychological distress. However an avoidant coping style was related to symptoms of depression in females, but not in males. Students who lost a mother were more likely to report symptoms of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation as compared to students who lost a father. Future research implications and the clinical importance of these findings are discussed.

Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck ◽  
Haley J. Webb ◽  
Christopher A. Pepping ◽  
Kellie Swan ◽  
Ourania Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
And Coping

Attachment theorists have described the parent–child attachment relationship as a foundation for the emergence and development of children’s capacity for emotion regulation and coping with stress. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing research addressing this issue. We identified 23 studies that employed validated assessments of attachment, which were not based on self-report questionnaires, and separated the summary into findings for toddlers/preschool, children, and adolescents. Although most associations were weak and only a minority of the multiple possible associations tested was supported in each study, all studies (but one) reported at least one significant association between attachment and emotion regulation or coping. The evidence pointed to the regulatory and coping problems of toddlers showing signs of ambivalent attachment or the benefits of secure (relative to insecure) attachment for toddlers, children, and adolescents. Toddlers who showed signs of avoidant attachment relied more on self-related regulation (or less social-oriented regulation and coping), but it was not clear whether these responses were maladaptive. There was little information available regarding associations of ambivalent attachment with school-age children’s or adolescents’ emotion regulation. There were also few studies that assessed disorganized attachment.

Perpetual Mobile Availability as a Reason for Communication Overload

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Bernadette Kneidinger-Müller
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Transactional Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Coping

Mobile communication media such as smartphones have dramatically increased the social availability of users. The perpetual contact is experienced quite ambivalently, not only as a big advantage of technological development but also as a new reason for increasing communication overload. This chapter details how people evaluate mobile availability in their everyday lives and how they cope with experiences of overload and stress. Using the transactional theory of stress and coping (Lazarus & Cohen, 1977), data from a diary study and qualitative interviews with German smartphone users are analyzed. The findings emphasize the high level of subjectivity that influences how everyday experiences of smartphone usage and mobile availability are evaluated.

scholarly journals Stress and Coping Among Public School Principals in a Midwest Metropolitan Sample

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401982954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public School ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public School Principals ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
And Coping

The present study sought to investigate perceptions of stress and coping among public school principals. School principals are daily called upon to make decisions regarding a range of unscripted events. The position can be stressful, and stress is known to interfere with sound decision making. It was predicted that present samples of school principals would report a mean level of elevated stress. Contrary to expectations, school principals did not report an elevated level of stress. They instead reported an ostensibly effective reliance on problem-focused and emotion-focused coping skills. It remains unclear how the school principals developed such adaptive means for coping with the stress of leading schools. It is recommended that future research explore this question so that such skills may be transmitted to principals-in-training.

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