The person as co‐investigator in personality research

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert J. M. Hermans ◽  
Han Bonarius
Keyword(s):  
Important Implication ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, arguments are presented for considering the subject as co‐investigator in personality research. A review of current research methods suggests that personality psychology is well on its way to recognizing the individual as an expert on his or her own self and situation. This means that the subject should also be allowed to take a much more active role in psychological research. It is argued that the ideal methodology for accomplishing this integration of the individual into psychological research is to establish a dialogue between psychologist and subject, allowing each to contribute to the scientific process from his or her own perspective and on the basis of his or her own expertise. The present approach calls for greater emphasis on the organization and coherence of personality as a system, greater openness and sensitivity to the particular world of the individual, and an even more dynamic conception of individuality than is currently found in our field. An important implication of the open system approach advocated in this article, the reduced role of prediction in personality research, is discussed and, finally, a preliminary list of expected gains and losses is presented.

scholarly journals A Five–Factor Theory Perspective on Causal Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Angelina R. Sutin
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Causal Understanding ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Individual

Five–Factor Theory provides a broad but largely blank template for causal personality research. Within Five–Factor Theory, there are three major categories of questions: (1) how do biological structures and functions lead to trait levels? (2) how do traits and the environment give rise to acquired psychological institutions? and (3) how do personality characteristics interact with specific situations to determine behaviours and reactions? Both practical and ethical issues complicate the search for the causes of trait change. Causal explanations of the development of characteristic adaptations are likely to be incomplete, because there are many different ways in which the same adaptation may be acquired. Studies of the determinants of behaviour are usually left to social, educational, or clinical psychologists—although personality psychologists may make distinctive contributions by emphasizing the role of the individual in selecting and creating situations. A causal understanding of the functioning of the personality system is possible through the integration of many lines of evidence, but it is likely to take a very long time. In the meanwhile, personality psychologists may fruitfully pursue the identification of practical causes by which individuals with a given set of traits can optimize their adaptation. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Carl C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
American People ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Federal Assistance ◽  
Children Under 5

REGARDLESS of how we, as individual physicians, may feel about the role of the federal government in the individual practice of medicine, the time has long since passed when we can afford the luxury of ignoring it. In past years the influence of the government on medicine has been mostly in general areas and perhaps least of all in that of pediatrics; but under the present administration there has been a decided change. For this reason it seems necessary to me to call to the attention of all Fellows of the Academy the particular items in President Kennedy's message of February 26, 1962, which relate specifically to the practice of Pediatrics. These may be considered to be three in number: The first of these dealt with the subject of immunization. On this topic President Kennedy said: I am asking the American people to join in a nationwide vaccination program to stamp out these four diseases (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) encouraging all communities to immunize both children and adults, keep them immunized and plan for the routine immunization of children yet to be born. To assist the states and local communities in this effort over the next 3 years, I am proposing legislation authorizing a program of federal assistance. This program would cover the full cost of vaccines for all children under 5 years of age. It would also assist in meeting the cost of organizing the vaccination drives begun during this period, and the cost of extra personnel needed for certain special tasks.

scholarly journals Психолінгвальні маркери ранніх дизфункційних схем у вчителів із високим ступенем трудоголізму

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Iryna Onopchenko ◽  
Марина Орап ◽  
Ігор Мудрак
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Psychotherapy Theory ◽  
Imposter Phenomenon ◽  
Impostor Feelings ◽  
Theory Research

У статті відображено результати дослідження психолінгвальних маркерів ранніх дисфункційних схем у вчителів. Дослідження представлене у вигляді багатопланового дослідження із залученням регресійного аналізу, де ранні дисфункційні схеми, психологічне благополуччя, задоволення шлюбом слугують незалежними змінними, а трудоголізм – залежною змінною. Після отримання дозволу від Ради з етики наукових досліджень Східноєвропейського національного університету імені Лесі Українки 53 учителі загальноосвітніх шкіл Волинської області (Україна) взяли участь у дослідженні трудоголізму, серед них 50 жінок, 3 чоловіків, середній вік 46,47 (SD=10,17), стаж роботи 24,06 (SD=10,97). Опитувальник Янга YSQ – S3, шкала трудоголізму (Shkoler et al., 2018), шкала задоволеності шлюбом (Столін, Романова, Бутенко), шкала задоволення щоденною працею (Loi et al., 2009), шкала психологічного благополуччя (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) використовувалися для дослідження трудоголізму та його предикторів у вчителів. Результати засвідчили, що ранні дисфункційні схеми, психологічне благополуччя, задоволеність шлюбом сукупно слугують предикторами трудоголізму у вчителів. Водночас лише ранні дисфункційні схеми є незалежними значущими предикторами трудоголізму. Визначено психолінгвальні маркери ранніх дисфункційних схем, пов’язаних із трудоголізмом. Високорозвинений трудоголізм у вчителів пов’язаний із очікуванням на катастрофу, страхом покарання і негативізмом, уявленням про власну некомпетентність і невдачу, пошуком визнання й високих стандартів. Важливим прикладним висновком дослідження є можливість використання психолінгвістичних маркерів для визначення ранніх дисфункційних схем, пов’язаних із трудоголізмом у вчителів. Література References Онопченко І. В. Психологічна валідизація і культурна адаптація опитувальника “The Workaholism Facet-Based Scale” (WFBS) // Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія». Серія «Психологія». 2019. Вип. 9. С. 107-117. Braslow, M. D., Guerrettaz, J., Arkin, R. M., & Oleson, K. C. (2012). Self-doubt. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(6), 470-482. Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241. Mir, I., & Kamal, A. (2018). Role of workaholism and self-concept in predicting impostor feelings among employees. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(2), 413-427. Oates, W. E. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction. World Publishing Company. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange. References (translated and transliterated) Onopchenko, I. (2019). Psykholohichna validyzatsiya i kulturna adaptatsiia opytuvalnyka The Workaholism Facet-Based Scale (WFBS). Naukovi Zapyski of the Ostroh Academy National University. Psychology Series, 9, 107-117. Braslow, M. D., Guerrettaz, J., Arkin, R. M., & Oleson, K. C. (2012). Self-doubt. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(6), 470-482. Clance, P. R. & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241. Mir, I. & Kamal, A. (2018). Role of workaholism and self-concept in predicting impostor feelings among employees. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(2), 413-427. Oates, W. E. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction. World Publishing Company. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727. Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.

scholarly journals Citizens as Complicits: Distrust in Politicians and Biased Social Dissemination of Political Information

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
TROELS BØGGILD ◽  
LENE AARØE ◽  
MICHAEL BANG PETERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Mass Level

Widespread distrust in politicians is often attributed to the way elites portray politics to citizens: the media, competing candidates, and foreign governments are largely considered responsible for portraying politicians as self-interested actors pursuing personal electoral and economic interests. This article turns to the mass level and considers the active role of citizens in disseminating such information. We build on psychological research on human cooperation, holding that people exhibit an interpersonal transmission bias in favor of information on the self-interested, antisocial behavior of others to maintain group cooperation. We posit that this transmission bias extends to politics, causing citizens to disproportionally disseminate information on self-interested politicians through interpersonal communication and, in turn, contributes to distrust in politicians and policy disapproval. We support these predictions using novel experimental studies, allowing us to observe transmission rates and opinion effects in actual communication chains. The findings have implications for understanding and accommodating political distrust.

‘By Small Things Revealed’

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Study ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

The study of rural settlement in Roman Britain is undergoing a period of re-evaluation and change. In the past, work has focused on the individual study sites, especially villas. Now there is an increasing interest in the exploitation of whole landscapes, with an emphasis on the people who lived in them and the ways that they exploited the resources available to them. These trends are reviewed, and a case study is presented based on the author’s fieldwork in East Yorkshire. Given that the bulk of the population of Roman Britain lived in the countryside, emphasis is placed on understanding the active role of these people in creating the culture of Roman Britain.

Mediating Structures and Constitutional Liberty

Worldview ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
William Bentley Ball
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Association ◽  
American Enterprise Institute ◽  
American Constitution ◽  
Peter Berger ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Mediating Structures

There are those of us whose job seems always to be immediate problem-solving. We are like people frantically busy piling up rocks with the fleeting notion that perhaps they are building something. To Empower People: The Role of Mediating Structures in Public Policy by Peter Berger and Richard Neuhaus (American Enterprise Institute, 1977) offers a portrait in which resemblances can be seen between the haphazard rock pile and the city of good “mediating structures” there portrayed.Approaching the subject as a lawyer, the question at once comes to mind: Do we need mediating structures (family, church, voluntary association, neighborhood, racial and ethnic subgroups) in a society governed by the American Constitution? If the “mediating structures“ are thought to be necessary to protect the individual from the state, is that not precisely the function of the Constitution?

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Dermatoglyphics in Learning- A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Charu Dhankar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acquisition Method

The nature nurture issue has been an important debate in all aspects of the individual development. According to Jensen’s heritability ratio, hereditary has an impeccable influence in the development process. Based on these, dermatoglyphics has been used in the present case study in order to observe the innate potential of an individual, to give parents an insight into their child’s hidden potential and to groom them effectively. The present case study is confined to the acquiring methods and unique quotients of the subject. The findings of the study revealed the unique quotients of the subject and the best suitable acquisition method for the subject.  Aim/Purpose: To test the methods of learning and unique quotients of the subject with the help of Dermatoglyphics Multiple Intelligence Test DMIT.  Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 301-303 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12651 

«Quanta» Language Consciousness and Problems in the Functioning of the Communicative Norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Татьяна Черкашина ◽  
Tatiana Cherkashina ◽  
Н. Новикова ◽  
N. Novikova ◽  
О. Трубина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the conceptualization of the world from the point of view of its methodological paradigm assessment in the context of the globalizing world. A retrospective analysis of the relationship between language and human speech activity is given. The authors explain the role of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the formation of worldview systems that develop in the consciousness with the help of minimal units of human experience in their ideal meaningful representation in special concepts, which allows the individual to think within the boundaries of a certain linguistic picture of the world. Analyzes the problems of the functioning of communicative norms with regard to the hierarchy of the spiritual representations of the world. The article attempts to consider the impact of the “blurring” of the information boundaries of the globalizing world on the cognitive abilities of the individual in the nomination, qualification of the subject, phenomenon, process.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

A good approach to neural and behavioural development but would be even better if set in a broader context

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Patrick Bateson
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Attractive Feature ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAn attractive feature of Neuroconstructivism, Vol. I: How the Brain Constructs Cognition is its emphasis on the active role of the individual in neural and behavioural development and the importance of the interplay with the environment. Certain aspects of development are omitted, however, such as specializations for the distinctive ecologies of infancy and childhood and the scaffolding-like features of behaviour seen during development. It was also a pity that so little credit was given to many scientists who have contributed to just those aspects of development on which the authors focus.

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