Emulsion copolymerization: Kinetics model and reactor performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Quarderer ◽  
Sanjeev S. Katti
Keyword(s):  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Copolymerization Kinetics

Theory of emulsion copolymerization kinetics

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew J. Ballard ◽  
Donald H. Napper ◽  
Robert G. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Copolymerization Kinetics

scholarly journals Synthesis Kinetics of Polymer / Copolymer Latexes via Radical Ring-Opening Emulsion Polymerization of Vinylcyclopropane

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472
Author(s):  
P. Sarker ◽  
J. R. Ebdon ◽  
S. Rimmer ◽  
M. A. J. Miah ◽  
H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Copolymerization Kinetics

Radical emulsion polymerization of 1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane (ECVCP) was examined in the presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. ECVCP underwent both emulsifier-in emulsion and emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizations to afford the ring-opened polymer in good yields. The copolymerization efficiency of this monomer was also evaluated with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) as comonomers under the same reaction conditions. The emulsion copolymerization of ECVCP with a relatively hydrophobic monomer, lauryl methacrylate (LMA) was also investigated in presence of ?-cyclodextrin hydrate (?-CD) as a phase transfer agent. Polymerization/copolymerization kinetics, change in particle size and olefin contents were followed during the reaction.

Understanding the emulsion copolymerization kinetics of vinyl acetate and vinyl silanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 2390-2398
Author(s):  
Aitor Barquero ◽  
Fernando Ruipérez ◽  
María Jesús Barandiaran ◽  
Jose Ramon Leiza
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Vinyl Silanes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Copolymerization Kinetics

Radical entry affected by alkoxysilane monomers in free radical emulsion copolymerization with vinyl acetate.

The anaerobic treatment of a ligno-cellulosic substrate offering little natural pH buffering capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Banks ◽  
P. N. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ph Control ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Stage System ◽  
The Stability

The stability and operational performance of single stage digestion with and without liquor recycle and two stage digestion were assessed using a mixture of paper and wood as the digestion substrate. Attempts to maintain stable digestion in both single stage reactors were unsuccessful due to the inherently low natural buffering capacity exhibited; this resulted in a rapid souring of the reactor due to unbuffered volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation. The use of lime to control pH was unsatisfactory due to interference with the carbonate/bicarbonate equilibrium resulting in wide oscillations in the control parameter. The two stage system overcame the pH stability problems allowing stable operation for a period of 200 days without any requirement for pH control; this was attributed to the rapid flushing of VFA from the first stage reactor into the second stage, where efficient conversion to methane was established. Reactor performance was judged to be satisfactory with the breakdown of 53% of influent volatile solids. It was concluded that the reactor configuration of the two stage system offers the potential for the treatment of cellulosic wastes with a sub-optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio for conventional digestion.

Anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol using GAC fluidized bed reactors: optimization of the empty bed contact time

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Wilson ◽  
Amid P. Khodadoust ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Richard C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Primary Substrate ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

An integrated reactor system has been developed to remediate pentachlorophenol (PCP) containing wastes using sequential anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation. Anaerobically, PCP was degraded to predominately equimolar concentrations (>99%) of monochlorophenol (MCP) in two GAC fluidized bed reactors at Empty Bed Contact Times (EBCTs) ranging from 18.6 to 1.15 hours. However, at lower EBCTs, MCP concentrations decreased to less than 10% of the influent PCP concentration suggesting mineralization. The optimal EBCT was determined to be 2.3 hours based on PCP conversion to MCPs and stable reactor operation. Decreasing the EBCT fourfold did not inhibit degradation of PCP and its intermediates, thus allowing removal of PCP at much lower detention time and resulting in a significant cost advantage. Analytical grade PCP was fed via syringe pumps into two fluidized bed reactors at influent concentrations of 100 mg/l and 200 mg/l, respectively. Acting as the primary substrate, ethanol was also fed into the reactors at concentrations of 697 and 1388 mg/l. Effluent PCP and chlorinated phenolic compounds were analyzed weekly to evaluate reactor performance. Biodegradation pathways were also identified. 3-chlorophenol (CP) was the predominant MCP and varied simultaneously with 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) concentrations. Likewise, 4-CP concentrations varied simultaneously with 3,4-DCP concentrations. A second stage aerobic GAC fluidized bed reactor was added after the anaerobic reactor to completely mineralize the remaining MCP and phenols. Data show no presence of phenol and MCP in the effluent or on the GAC. Overall, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) fed to the system was reduced from 75 g/d in the influent to less than 1.5 g/d in the effluent.

Mass Transfer Limited Wet Oxidation in Trickle-Bed Reactor

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1938-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vratislav Tukač ◽  
Jiří Vokál ◽  
Jiří Hanika
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Catalytic Wet Oxidation ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Trickle Bed Reactor ◽  
Fine Glass ◽  
Trickle Bed

Catalytic activity of CuO-supported catalyst in phenol oxidation, and the influence of reaction conditions, viz. temperature (125-170 °C), oxygen partial pressure (1-7 MPa) and liquid feed (30-760 ml h-1), in the continuous operation using 17.9 mm i.d. trickle-bed reactor is presented. The hydrodynamic impact on the three-phase trickle-bed reactor performance in an environmental application of catalytic wet oxidation was also investigated. The results of trickle-bed operation were strongly influenced by wetting efficiency. An insufficient catalyst wetting can be to compensated by filling the catalyst bed voids by fine glass spheres. In the case of the gas transfer limited reaction, a better wetting of the catalyst can lead to worse reactor performance due to lower reaction rates.

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