Combustion characteristics and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite in the flame retardant HDPE/EVA composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2884-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Tang ◽  
Man Chen ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
Zhidan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Red Phosphorus

Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Lingtong Li ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94

The flammability characterization and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) with expandable graphite (EG) in flame-retardant polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 testing, cone calorimeter tests, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the flame retardancy of PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites is greatly influenced by RPM. The synergistic effects between RPM and EG take place in the flame-retardant composites. The presence of RPM with EG decreases significantly the heat release rates and total heat release, and UL-94 V-0 rating is achieved when suitable amount of RPM substitutes for EG in the PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites. The T onset and T 10 wt% of the composites are improved because of the presence of RPM. The FTIR spectra show that the incorporation of RPM improves the thermo-oxidative stability of PP/TPU at higher temperatures. The morphological observations indicate the reinforcement of thermal stability, and flame-retardant performance is attributed to the compact and stable char layers promoted by RPM with EG acted as an effective heat barrier and thermal insulation.

Synergistic Effects of a Red Phosphorus Master Batch on a Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant ABS Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Pei Bang Dai ◽  
Yue Qun Lu ◽  
Li Li Fan ◽  
Yu Ru He
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Master Batch

The effects of a red phosphorus master batch (RPMB) on a modified intumescent flame retardant (MIFR) ABS composite system (ABS-MIFR) were investigated in this study. The Underwriter's Laboratory Bulletin 94 (UL-94) flame retardancy rating clearly revealed the synergistic interactions of RPMB and MIFR. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal decomposition of these flame retardant composite systems. The results show that adding RPMB increased the char residue formation and the thermal stability of ABS-MIFR at high temperature.

Modified expandable graphite as an effective flame retardant for LLDPE/EVA composites filled with Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 938-955
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Lingtong Li ◽  
Weidi He ◽  
Jianbing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Ul 94

The flammability, thermal properties, and synergistic effects of modified expandable graphite (MEG) with magnesium hydroxide (MH) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) on the linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (LLDPE/EVA) blends are investigated by Underwriters Laboratories-94 (UL-94) vertical combustion test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter test (CCT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the MEG improves the flame-retardant efficiency of LLDPE/EVA blends. The addition of MEG apparently improves the LOI values and the UL-94 rating of LLDPE/EVA composites. The data obtained from the CCT show that the heat release rate (HRR), the total heat release (THR), and the gas production rate of composites with MEG decrease remarkably with increasing the content of MEG. When 10 phr of MEG is added, the char residues of LEMEG10 increase to 38.2% from 2.7% of LLDPE/EVA. The results of SEM and CCT present that MEG can improve the quality of char layers. The rate of char formation is enhanced also due to the existence of MEG, which plays an important role to improve the flame retardancy of the LLDPE/EVA composites.

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