scholarly journals Genotype‐dependent and heat‐induced grain chalkiness in rice correlates with the expression patterns of starch biosynthesis genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter James Gann ◽  
Manuel Esguerra ◽  
Paul Allen Counce ◽  
Vibha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

scholarly journals Genotype-dependent and heat-induced grain chalkiness in rice correlates with the expression patterns of starch biosynthesis genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter James Gann ◽  
Manuel Esguerra ◽  
Paul Allen Counce ◽  
Vibha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
Granular Morphology ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

ABSTRACTTo understand the molecular basis of environment-induced and genotype-dependent chalkiness, six rice genotypes showing variable chalk levels were subjected to gene expression analysis during reproductive stages. In the high chalk genotypes, the peak expressions of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) Large Subunit 4 (AGPL4) occurred in the stages before grain filling commenced, creating a temporal gap with the upregulation of Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) and Starch Synthase IIA (SSIIA). Whereas, in the low chalk genotypes, AGPL4 expression generally occurred in later stages, close to the upregulation of GBSSI and SSIIA. However, heat treatment altered the expression pattern and created a gap between the expression peaks of AGPL4, and GBSS1 and SSIIA. This change was accompanied by transformed granular morphology, increased protein content, and chalkiness in the grains. AGPL4 expression pattern may partially explain chalkiness as it contributes to the pool of ADP-Glucose for producing amylose and amylopectin, the major components of the starch. Down-regulation of AGPase during grain filling stages could result in a limited pool of ADP-Glucose leading to inefficient grain filling and air pockets that contribute to chalkiness. The study suggests a mechanism of grain chalkiness based on the coordination of the three starch biosynthesis genes in rice.Significance statementGenotype-dependent and heat-induced grain chalkiness in rice is partially based on the increased gap between the upregulation AGPase and that of GBSSI and SSIIA through reproductive stages. This temporal gap could limit starch accumulation and alter granular morphology, eventually leading to grain chalkiness.

Expression patterns of genes involved in starch biosynthesis during seed development in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Tuli ◽  
Harcharan S. Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in sink and source organs of some cassava varieties with different starch contents in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-682
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Minh Hong ◽  
Le Thu Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Mau Hung ◽  
Pham Bich Ngoc ◽  
Chu Hoang Ha
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Adp Glucose Pyrophosphorylase ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Starch Production ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants. We depend upon starch for our nutrition, exploit its unique properties in industry, and use it as a feedstock for bio-ethanol production. Starch is stored in the form of osmotically inactive, water-insoluble granules in amyloplasts (storage starch) and chloroplasts (transitory starch). The biosynthesis of starch involves not only the production of the composite glucans but also their arrangement into an organized form within the starch granule. Understanding the specific functions played by individual isoforms of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis pathways will provide important basis for regulation of starch production in plant. A transcript-level analysis of the genes which encode starch-synthesis enzymes is fundamental for assessment of enzyme function and the regulatory mechanism for starch biosynthesis in source and sink organs. In this work, the expression level of the genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in two local varieties Do Dia Phuong (Do DF) and Trang Hoa Binh (Trang HB) as well as two imported varieties KM94 (Rayong1 X Rayong 90) and KM140 (KM98-1 x KM36) with different starch contents were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR method. The result of transcript level analysis made the expression profiles of cassava AGPS and AGPL genes (encoding AGPase small and large subunits) during three development periods, 90, 180 and 270 DAP (day after planting). The transcriptional activities of these genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. In particular, AGPS2 and AGPL1 transcripts were predominant in leaves, whereas expression of AGPS1, AGPL2, and AGPL3 appeared to be mostly confined to storage roots. Despite of having disparities between development stages, expression patterns of both AGPS2 and AGPL1 in leaves did not show significant differences amongst investigated cassava varieties. In contrast, transcriptional activities of AGPS1 and AGPL3 in tubers had patterns directly related to the starch contents of the cultivars. These results indicated that AGPS1 and AGPL3 genes likely play an important role in the starch biosynthesis pathway and have potential for regulation of starch production in cassava.

scholarly journals Integration of Transcriptomic And Proteomic Analyses Reveals Several Levels of Metabolic Regulation In The Excess Starch And Early Senescent Leaf Mutant lses1 In Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
Rongyu Huang ◽  
Zesen Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence ◽  
Proteomic Analyses

Abstract Background: The normal metabolism of transitory starch in leaves plays an important role in ensuring photosynthesis, delaying senescence and maintaining high yield in crops. OsCKI1 (casein kinase I1) plays crucial regulatory roles in multiple important physiological processes, including root development, hormonal signaling and low temperature-treatment adaptive growth in rice; however, its potential role in regulating temporary starch metabolism or premature leaf senescence remains unclear. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of OsCKI1 in rice leaves, physiological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves of the mutant lses1 (leaf starch excess and senescence 1), allelic to osckI1, and its wild-type variety (WT) were performed. Results: Phenotypic identification and physiological measurements showed that the lses1 mutant exhibited starch excess in the leaves and an obvious leaf tip withering phenotype as well as high ROS and MDA contents, low chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activities compared to WT. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that the correlations of most genes at the transcription and translation levels were limited. However, the changes of several important genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis at the mRNA and protein levels were consistent. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network might play accessory roles in promoting premature senescence of lses1 leaves. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that multiple key genes/proteins related to starch and sugar metabolism, apoptosis and ABA signaling exhibited significant differential expression. Abnormal increase in temporary starch was highly correlated with the expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes, which might be the main factor that causes premature leaf senescence and changes in multiple metabolic levels in leaves of lses1. In addition, significant up regulation of four proteins associated with ABA accumulation and signaling were detected in the lses1 mutant, suggesting that ABA may involve in multiple metabolic regulation via LSES1/OsCKI1 and the formation of mutant phenotype in lses1 leaves.Conclusion: The current study established the high correlation between the changes in physiological characteristics and mRNA and protein expression profiles in lses1 leaves, and emphasized the positive effect of excessive starch on accelerating premature leaf senescence. The expression patterns of genes/proteins related to starch biosynthesis and ABA signaling were analyzed via transcriptomes and proteomes, which provided a novel direction and research basis for the subsequent exploration of the regulation mechanism of temporary starch and apoptosis via LSES1/OsCKI1 in rice.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of AGPase genes uncovers their potential roles in starch biosynthesis in lotus seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Sun ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Heyun Song ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Xianbao Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Lotus Seed ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Low Glycemic Index ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Abstract Background Starch in the lotus seed contains a high proportion of amylose, which endows lotus seed a promising property in the development of hypoglycemic and low-glycemic index functional food. Currently, improving starch content is one of the major goals for seed-lotus breeding. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) plays an essential role in regulating starch biosynthesis in plants, but little is known about its characterization in lotus. Results We describe the nutritional compositions of lotus seed among 30 varieties with starch as a major component. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that AGPase genes were differentially expressed in two varieties (CA and JX) with significant different starch content. Seven putative AGPase genes were identified in the lotus genome (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), which could be grouped into two subfamilies. Selective pressure analysis indicated that purifying selection acted as a vital force in the evolution of AGPase genes. Expression analysis revealed that lotus AGPase genes have varying expression patterns, with NnAGPL2a and NnAGPS1a as the most predominantly expressed, especially in seed and rhizome. NnAGPL2a and NnAGPS1a were co-expressed with a number of starch and sucrose metabolism pathway related genes, and their expressions were accompanied by increased AGPase activity and starch content in lotus seed. Conclusions Seven AGPase genes were characterized in lotus, with NnAGPL2a and NnAGPS1a, as the key genes involved in starch biosynthesis in lotus seed. These results considerably extend our understanding on lotus AGPase genes and provide theoretical basis for breeding new lotus varieties with high-starch content.

378: 14-3-3 Expression Patterns in the Human Kidney: From Fetal Development to the Adult State to Malignant Transformation

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Adam G. Baseman ◽  
Andrew J. Kirsch ◽  
Fray F. Marshall ◽  
Haiyen E. Zhau ◽  
Leland W.K. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Kidney

Gene expression patterns in blood predict future severe endpoints in community acquired pneumonia

Pneumologie ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S8-S9
Author(s):  
M Bauer ◽  
H Kirsten ◽  
E Grunow ◽  
P Ahnert ◽  
M Kiehntopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns

Analysis of expression patterns in the brains of tet-off promoter mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Boy ◽  
TB Leergaard ◽  
T Schmidt ◽  
C Holzmann ◽  
M Niwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns
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