Prevalence of drug use among adults with intellectual disabilities compared with drug use in the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Oddbjørn Hove ◽  
Eva Biringer ◽  
Odd E. Havik ◽  
Jörg Assmus ◽  
Kirsten J. Braatveit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

scholarly journals Incidence of unipolar and bipolar depression, and mania in adults with intellectual disabilities: prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Elita Smiley ◽  
Linda Allan ◽  
Jillian Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

BackgroundIncidence and determinants of affective disorders among adults with intellectual disabilities are unknown.AimsTo investigate affective disorder incidence, and determinants of unipolar depression, compared with general population reports.MethodProspective cohort study measuring mental ill health of adults with mild to profound intellectual disabilities living within a defined community, over 2 years.ResultsThere was 70% cohort retention (n = 651). Despite high mood stabiliser use (22.4%), 2-year incident mania at 1.1% is higher than the general population; 0.3% for first episode (standardised incident ratio (SIR) = 41.5, or 52.7 excluding Down syndrome). For any bipolar episode the SIR was 2.0 (or 2.5 excluding Down syndrome). Depression incidence at 7.2% is similar to the general population (SIR = 1.2), suggesting more enduring/undertreatment given the higher prevalence. Problem behaviours (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3) and life events (OR = 1.3) predict incident unipolar depression.ConclusionsDepression needs improved treatment. Mania has received remarkably little attention in this population, despite high prevalence and incidence (similar to schizophrenia), and given the importance of clinician awareness for accurate differential diagnosis from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and problem behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Long-term condition management in adults with intellectual disability in primary care: a systematic review

BJGP Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen18X101445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hanlon ◽  
Sara MacDonald ◽  
Karen Wood ◽  
Linda Allan ◽  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

BackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities have higher morbidity and earlier mortality than the general population. Access to primary health care is lower, despite a higher prevalence of many long-term conditions.AimTo synthesise the evidence for the management of long-term conditions in adults with intellectual disabilities and identify barriers and facilitators to management in primary care.Design & settingMixed-methods systematic review.MethodSeven electronic databases were searched to identify both quantitative and qualitative studies concerning identification and management of long-term conditions in adults with intellectual disability in primary care. Both the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, and the quality assessment were carried out in duplicate. Findings were combined in a narrative synthesis.ResultsFifty-two studies were identified. Adults with intellectual disabilities are less likely than the general population to receive screening and health promotion interventions. Annual health checks may improve screening, identification of health needs, and management of long-term conditions. Health checks have been implemented in various primary care contexts, but the long-term impact on outcomes has not been investigated. Qualitative findings highlighted barriers and facilitators to primary care access, communication, and disease management. Accounts of experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities reveal a dilemma between promoting self-care and ensuring access to services, while avoiding paternalistic care.ConclusionAdults with intellectual disabilities face numerous barriers to managing long-term conditions. Reasonable adjustments, based on the experience of adults with intellectual disability, in addition to intervention such as health checks, may improve access and management, but longer-term evaluation of their effectiveness is required.

Prevalence of intellectual disabilities and epidemiology of mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities

2012 ◽  
pp. 1825-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Elita Smiley
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Age Range

♦ The prevalence of intellectual disabilities varies, depending upon definition, country, time, age range, and methods of population ascertainment. Reported rates vary substantially, and may be in the order of 9–14/1000 childhood populations, 3–8/1000 adult populations in developed countries, and higher in developing countries. ♦ Mental ill-health is more commonly experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities than the general population. Point prevalence is about 40 per cent, with problem behaviours being the most prevalent type. ♦ Dementia, problem behaviours, autism, bipolar disorder, and psychoses are more prevalent than for the general population. ♦ Incident mental ill-health is also greater than for the general population, at about 8 per cent per year. Common mental disorders and psychoses both have higher incidence than that for the general population. ♦ There is limited information on the protective and vulnerability factors for mental ill-health. ♦ Some factors related to prevalence and incidence of mental ill-health are similar to those found in the general population suggesting similar underlying causative mechanisms, but other factors differ, suggesting that inferences cannot necessarily be drawn from general population data and applied to the population with intellectual disabilities. ♦ Identifying high-risk groups within the population may allow for the provision of early interventions and supports, whilst some causative factors may be amenable to interventions to prevent or improve mental ill-health in this population. We need to gain a better understanding of these issues.

An epidemiological investigation of affective disorders with a population-based cohort of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALLY-ANN COOPER ◽  
ELITA SMILEY ◽  
JILLIAN MORRISON ◽  
ANDREW WILLIAMSON ◽  
LINDA ALLAN
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Background. Intellectual disabilities (ID) are common and lifelong. People with ID have health inequalities compared with the general population, but little is known about the epidemiology of affective disorders in this population. This study was undertaken to determine the point prevalence of affective disorders, and to investigate factors associated with depression.Method. This population-based study (n=1023) included comprehensive individual assessments with each person. A two-stage process was used for diagnosis of affective disorders. Factors independently associated with depression were investigated through logistic regression analysis.Results. The point prevalence was higher than that reported previously for the general population; DC-LD yielded 3·8% for depression and 0·6% for mania. Additionally, 1·0% had bipolar disorder currently in remission, and 0·1% first episode of mania currently in remission. Similar to general population findings, depression was associated with female gender, smoking, number of preceding family physician appointments, and preceding life events. Important differences were the association of not having a hearing impairment, and the trends for not living in deprived areas, and being married. Unlike general population findings, not having daytime occupation and obesity were not independently associated; nor was previous long-stay hospital residence, severity of ID, or sensory impairments.Conclusions. This study has found a high point prevalence of affective disorders in adults with ID. The factors associated with depression have differences to general population findings. An understanding of this is important in order to develop appropriate interventions, public strategy and policy, to reduce existing health inequalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and general health status of people with intellectual disabilities in Scotland: a total population study

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Anne Hughes-McCormack ◽  
Ewelina Rydzewska ◽  
Angela Henderson ◽  
Cecilia MacIntyre ◽  
Julie Rintoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
General Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundPrevalence of intellectual disabilities varies considerably between studies. People with intellectual disabilities experience health inequalities, but most studies comprise small or incomplete populations. We investigated in a whole country population the (1) prevalence of intellectual disabilities and (2) general health status compared with the general population.MethodData were from Scotland’s Census, 2011. We calculated the prevalence of intellectual disabilities, reported general health status of people with and without intellectual disabilities and the extent of health-related limitations to daily activities. We conducted logistic regressions to determine the ORs of intellectual disabilities predicting poor health and associations with age and gender.ResultsOf Scotland’s 5 295 403 population, 26 349 (0.5%) had intellectual disabilities; 15 149 (57.5%) were males and 11 200 (42.5%) were females; 5234 (0.6%) were children/youth (0–15) and 21 115 (0.5%) were adults (16–75+ years). Identification of intellectual disabilities rises until age 5 years, with a further small rise by age 9 years. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities reported more poor health (47.9% and 40.3%) than the general population (2.1% and 13.8%) and were more limited in activities by their health. Intellectual disabilities had an OR of 43.2 (95% CI 40.8 to 45.7) in predicting poor health; the influence of increasing age on poor health was markedly interacted by presence of intellectual disabilities, likely to be due to a ‘healthy survivor’ effect within the intellectual disabilities population.ConclusionPeople with intellectual disabilities have poorer general health than other people, especially children and young people. Accurate information on population prevalence and health status is essential to plan appropriate resources.

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