scholarly journals Fetoscopic myelomeningocoele closure: is the scientific evidence enough to challenge the gold standard for prenatal surgery?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Verweij ◽  
M.C. de Vries ◽  
E.J. Oldekamp ◽  
A.J. Eggink ◽  
D. Oepkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Prenatal Surgery

An Animal Protection Sponsor's View of MEIC

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Ethel Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Animal Tests ◽  
Lethal Blood

The Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity programme is most important to animal protection, since it has validated 64 in vitro tests using advanced human data for 50 chemicals as the “gold standard”. Therefore, it has been able to compare animal cell tests, human cell tests and whole-animal tests fairly with unbiased scientific evidence. Added bonuses have included the identification and development of missing in vitro information (“missing tests”), publication of time-related lethal blood concentrations for all 50 chemicals, and some preliminary plans to resolve the 50,000 untested (or poorly tested) chemicals in the chemical mountain.

scholarly journals Partial derivatives meta-analysis: pooled analyses when individual participant data cannot be shared

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hieab HH Adams ◽  
Hadie Adams ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Sudha Seshadri ◽  
Reinhold Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Partial Derivatives ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Post Hoc

Joint analysis of data from multiple studies in collaborative efforts strengthens scientific evidence, with the gold standard approach being the pooling of individual participant data (IPD). However, sharing IPD often has legal, ethical, and logistic constraints for sensitive or high-dimensional data, such as in clinical trials, observational studies, and large-scale omics studies. Therefore, meta-analysis of study-level effect estimates is routinely done, but this compromises on statistical power, accuracy, and flexibility. Here we propose a novel meta-analytical approach, named partial derivatives meta-analysis, that is mathematically equivalent to using IPD, yet only requires the sharing of aggregate data. It not only yields identical results as pooled IPD analyses, but also allows post-hoc adjustments for covariates and stratification without the need for site-specific re-analysis. Thus, in case that IPD cannot be shared, partial derivatives meta-analysis still produces gold standard results, which can be used to better inform guidelines and policies on clinical practice.

scholarly journals Current Practice in Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ten-Doménech ◽  
Victoria Ramos-Garcia ◽  
José David Piñeiro-Ramos ◽  
María Gormaz ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cell Debris ◽  
Dynamic Composition ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

Human milk (HM) is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. HM contains macro- and micronutrients, as well as a range of bioactive compounds (hormones, growth factors, cell debris, etc.). The analysis of the complex and dynamic composition of HM has been a permanent challenge for researchers. The use of novel, cutting-edge techniques involving different metabolomics platforms has permitted to expand knowledge on the variable composition of HM. This review aims to present the state-of-the-art in untargeted metabolomic studies of HM, with emphasis on sampling, extraction and analysis steps. Workflows available from the literature have been critically revised and compared, including a comprehensive assessment of the achievable metabolome coverage. Based on the scientific evidence available, recommendations for future untargeted HM metabolomics studies are included.

scholarly journals Fingerprint: A Unique and Reliable Method for Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash Kumar Bose ◽  
Mohammad Jubaidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Biometric Security ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Use

Fingerprints have been the gold standard for personal identification within the forensic community for more than one hundred years. It is still universal in spite of discovery of DNA fingerprint. The science of fingerprint identification has evolved over time from the early use of finger prints to mark business transactions in ancient Babylonia to their use today as core technology in biometric security devices and as scientific evidence in courts of law throughout the world. The science of fingerprints, dactylography or dermatoglyphics, had long been widely accepted, and well acclaimed and reputed as panacea for individualization, particularly in forensic investigations. Human fingerprints are detailed, unique, difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as lifelong markers of human identity. Fingerprints can be readily used by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased, as in the aftermath of a natural disasterJ Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 29-34

Just Evidence: The Limits of Science in the Legal Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Jasanoff
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
The Press ◽  
Capital Crimes ◽  
Mitt Romney

“Relying on Science, Romney Files Death Penalty Bill.” With that headline, a press release on April 28, 2005 announced that Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney was seeking to reintroduce by legislation the death penalty that the state's Supreme Judicial Court ruled unconstitutional in 1984. The remainder of the text left little doubt that science was a major basis for the governor's action. The press release quoted Romney as saying that the bill provided a “gold standard for the death penalty in the modern scientific age.” Positing a symmetry that will be questioned below, Romney also declared, “Just as science can free the innocent, it can also identify the guilty.” The bill itself deferred to science by calling for corroborating scientific evidence, multiple layers of review, and a novel “no doubt” standard of proof. By raising the required standard of evidence and by restricting the class of capital crimes, the proposed law hoped to correct the defects of other death penalty statutes.

scholarly journals The Use of Narrow Diameter Implants in the Molar Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saad ◽  
A. Assaf ◽  
E. Gerges
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Narrow Diameter Implants ◽  
Bone Height

Implant rehabilitations in the posterior jaw are influenced by many factors such as the condition of the remaining teeth, the force factors related to the patient, the quality of the bone, the maintenance of the hygiene, the limited bone height, the type and extent of edentulism, and the nature of the opposing arch. The gold standard is to place a regular diameter implant (>3.7 mm) or a wide one to replace every missing molar. Unfortunately, due to horizontal bone resorption, this option is not possible without lateral bone augmentation. In this situation, narrow diameter implant (NDI < 3.5 mm) could be the alternative to lateral bone augmentation procedures. This paper presents a clinical study where NDIs were used for the replacement of missing molars. They were followed up to 11 years. Special considerations were observed and many parameters were evaluated. NDI could be used to replace missing molar in case of moderate horizontal bone resorption if strict guidelines are respected. Yet, future controlled prospective clinical trials are required to admit their use as scientific evidence.

scholarly journals Ventilatory Efficiency in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Lopes Francisco Parazzi ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson ◽  
Maria Angela Gonçalves de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski ◽  
Jose Dirceu Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ventilatory Efficiency ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Introduction.The index of ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) obtained by the progressive exercise test has been considered the gold standard in the prognosis of adults with heart failure, but few studies have evaluated this approach in children.Objective.To verify the scientific evidence about the VE/VCO2in pediatric and adolescents patients.Methods.A systematic literature review was carried out using the key words VE/VCO2, children, and adolescents using the PEDro and PubMed/MedLine databases. Clinical trials published from 1987 to 2014, including children, adolescents, and young adults up to 25 years, addressing the VE/VCO2index as a method of evaluation, monitoring, and prognosis were considered.Results.Initially, 95 articles were found; 12 were excluded as the title/abstract did not contain the VE/VCO2index or because they included patients greater than 25 years of age. From the remaining 83, 58 were repeated between the databases. The final sample consisted of 32 studies including healthy children and children with respiratory and other diseases.Conclusion.There are few studies involving cardiorespiratory assessment by ventilatory efficiency. The studies highlight the fact that high VE/VCO2values are associated with a worse prognosis of patients due to the relationship with the decrease in pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output.

scholarly journals Validation of a Search Strategy for Randomized Clinical Trials Related to Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Oliveira Lyrio ◽  
Simone Seixas da Cruz ◽  
Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho ◽  
Viviane Seixas Silva Silveira ◽  
Elivan Silva Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Electronic Search

Abstract Background: Systematic reviews, considered the gold standard for the assessment of scientific evidence, may present conflicting findings for the same clinical issue, and such dissent may be justified, for example, by the forms of elaboration of the electronic search strategy. The aim of this paper is to validate a search strategy to identify randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis. Results: The search strategy under evaluation compared to the gold-standard showed a sensitivity of 93.2% (95%CI, 83.8-97.3), specificity of 99.9% (95%CI 99.8-99.9) and a precision of 77.5% (95%CI, 66.48-85.63). In addition, the needed number of articles to read was 1.3. Conclusion: According to the proposed methodological approach, the search strategy under evaluation performed well in the identification of randomized clinical trials related to periodontitis.

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