Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS): In Scientific Evidence, Even 'Gold Standard' Techniques Have Limitations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gin ◽  
Edward J. Imwinkelried
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Standard Techniques

An Animal Protection Sponsor's View of MEIC

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Ethel Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Animal Tests ◽  
Lethal Blood

The Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity programme is most important to animal protection, since it has validated 64 in vitro tests using advanced human data for 50 chemicals as the “gold standard”. Therefore, it has been able to compare animal cell tests, human cell tests and whole-animal tests fairly with unbiased scientific evidence. Added bonuses have included the identification and development of missing in vitro information (“missing tests”), publication of time-related lethal blood concentrations for all 50 chemicals, and some preliminary plans to resolve the 50,000 untested (or poorly tested) chemicals in the chemical mountain.

scholarly journals Speciation of organometals using a synchronizing GC-EIMS and GC-ICPMS system for simultaneous detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia D'Ulivo ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Yong-Lai Feng ◽  
John Murimboh ◽  
Zoltán Mester
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Electron Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Accurate quantitation and characterization of organometals are successfully achieved by splitting the gas chromatography (GC) flow to both an electron ionization mass spectrometer (EIMS) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS).

scholarly journals Partial derivatives meta-analysis: pooled analyses when individual participant data cannot be shared

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hieab HH Adams ◽  
Hadie Adams ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Sudha Seshadri ◽  
Reinhold Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Partial Derivatives ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Post Hoc

Joint analysis of data from multiple studies in collaborative efforts strengthens scientific evidence, with the gold standard approach being the pooling of individual participant data (IPD). However, sharing IPD often has legal, ethical, and logistic constraints for sensitive or high-dimensional data, such as in clinical trials, observational studies, and large-scale omics studies. Therefore, meta-analysis of study-level effect estimates is routinely done, but this compromises on statistical power, accuracy, and flexibility. Here we propose a novel meta-analytical approach, named partial derivatives meta-analysis, that is mathematically equivalent to using IPD, yet only requires the sharing of aggregate data. It not only yields identical results as pooled IPD analyses, but also allows post-hoc adjustments for covariates and stratification without the need for site-specific re-analysis. Thus, in case that IPD cannot be shared, partial derivatives meta-analysis still produces gold standard results, which can be used to better inform guidelines and policies on clinical practice.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CARBON ISOTOPE OF CO2 AND CH4 IN WESTERN DIENG PLATEU BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER (GC-IRMS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Hanik Humaida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Porapak Q ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer

The carbon isotope can be used to evaluate volcanism phenomenon of volcano. The study of carbon isotope of CO2 and CH4 was carried out in western Dieng Plateau by mass-spectrometer. Before analysis, sampel was separated by gas chromatography using a Porapak-Q column and a FID (Flame Ionization Detector) detector. The gas was oxidized by copper oxide at 850oC before being ionized in mass-spectrometer for isotope analysis. The CO2 content in Candradimuka crater (-4.10 O/OO), indicated that the gas may be as volcanic gas. The other CO2 from Sumber and western Gua Jimat, had isotope value  of -10.05 and -12.07 O/OO, respectively, indicating contamination from crustal and subduction material. The carbon isotope of CH4 gas from Pancasan village was -63.42 O/OO, that may be categorized as biogenic gas.   Keywords: isotope, CO2, CH4, Dieng.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOUND IN STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS FROM VARIOUS REGIONS IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
MAHANI ◽  
MICHELLE ◽  
YANA CAHYANA ◽  
AHMAD SULAEMAN ◽  
HARDINSYAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Components Analysis

Objective: The aim of this study is to map out the distribution and composition of the main active components found in stingless bee propolis from various regions in Indonesia. Methods: The stingless bee propolis used was obtained from ten different provinces in Indonesia and the active components analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) pyrolyzer. Results: This study found 85 main types of active components with concentrations of ≥ 1%. The most frequently found active component was alpha-d-glucopyranoside, which had an average concentration of 28.20%. Conclusion: There were differences between the main active components found in 14 samples of stingless bee propolis obtained from 10 provinces in Indonesia, which was due to the variety of bee species and plant origin.

Trace determination of acaricides in honey samples using XAD-2 adsorbent and gas chromatography coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer detector

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (80) ◽  
pp. 42424-42431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Pasquale Avino ◽  
Giuseppe Cinelli ◽  
Mario Vincenzo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Trace Determination ◽  
Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer
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