The flora of the alimentary tract of the Common Earwig (Forficula auricularia)

1954 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Shrewsbury ◽  
G. J. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Description of a Herpetomonas parasitic in the alimentary tract of the common green-bottle fly, Lucilia sp

Parasitology ◽  
1911 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Green Bottle ◽  
The Common

1. The parasite described inhabits the alimentary tract of two species of Lucilia. In addition it has a resting stage—the ‘cyst’—which is passed in the voided excrement of the insect.2. When the cyst is ingested by a fly it grows in length and becomes flagellated in the ‘crop’; in the midgut it greatly elongates and multiplies rapidly by division; in the hindgut it first shortens, then becomes spherical, and finally oval and cyst-like, meanwhile losing its flagellum.3. The cysts measure 3 μ, the fully flagellate forms 20 μ, in length.4. The cysts possess a cytostome and cytopharynx, the functions of which are probably nutritive.5. The flagellum consists of two parts (i) a cytoplasmic part, which probably subserves the power of movement and which I therefore propose to call the kinetoplasm, and (ii) a thread of chromatin secreted by the rhizoplast.6. The function of the chromatin in the flagellum is probably to sustain a filamentous form.7. The nucleus divides by a definite process something akin to mitosis.8. The chromidia serve as reserve material for the supply of chromatin in the cell. They are secreted probably by cell-plastids.9. I propose the name of this parasite be Herpetomonas luciliae, and that the genus Herpetomonas should be defined so as to include the forms described as Leptomonas.

scholarly journals Agrippina bona nov. gen. et nov. sp. representing a New Family of Gregarines

Parasitology ◽  
1912 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The parasite forming the subject of the present paper was discovered inhabiting the alimentary tract of larvae of the common rat-flea of this country, Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc. (see Pl. IV).

Methods for collecting Parasites of Earwigs

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Maldwyn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Method ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽  
The Common

It is widely known that the biological method for the control of insect pests is receiving considerable attention from Economic Entomologists at the present day. One of the insects against which this method is being tried is the common earwig (Forficula auricularia), which is a very serious pest of orchards, etc., in such countries as New Zealand where it it has been accidentally introduced from Europe.Through co-operation between the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, Rothamsted Experimental Station, and the Cawthron Institute, Nelson, attempts have been made to control the earwig in New Zealand by the introduction of two Tachinid flies that are parasitic on it, Digonochaeta setipennis, Fln., and Rhacodineura antiqua, Meig. These flies are obligatory parasites, being entirely dependent on this particular host for the completion of their life-cycle, and they are lethal in effect. The larvae having emerged from their dead or moribund host, soon pupate, and it is in the pupal stadium that these insects can most conveniently be transmitted in cold storage. Mr. A. M. Altson, of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, was in charge of this work in England in 1924 and 1925, but, unfortunately, owing to ill-health he was obliged to give it up. In the autumn of 1926, at the request of Dr. Tillyard, it was decided to forward a further batch of parasitic puparia to New Zealand. For this purpose large quantities of earwigs had to be captured in the field, and transferred to cages in the laboratory, in order that the parasites which emerged from the earwigs could be collected.

scholarly journals Owies w greckich traktatach medycznych starożytności i Bizancjum (V w. prz. Chr. - XI w. po Chr.)

Vox Patrum ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 421-447
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cooking Liquor

The common oat (Avena sativa) is a kind of cereal which is fairly well attested in the ancient and Byzantine Greek sources. It is to be noted that medical litera­ture of the abovementioned periods is especially informative as far as the subject in question is concerned. The body of evidence shows that both in Antiquity as well as over the Byzantine period (i.e. between the Vth and the XIth centuries) oats belonged to the crops which did not enjoy much appreciation nor special attention on the part of both mass consumers as well as medical specialists. Generally the cereal was thought to be worse than other crops and therefore lending itself to being animal fodder. It was made use of almost exclusively as an emergency food in case of shortages of other cereals. Though there are very few recipes that refer directly to the ways of preparing oats as food, some guidelines can be formulated on the basis of information per­taining to other cereals. The analyzed sources appear to suggest that it was used to prepare thin soups (on the basis of oats cooking liquor). Moreover, the cereal was also cooked into gruel-like soups. Having been finely ground, it could also be utilized to prepare bread, which, however, was not highly appreciated for its taste nor dietetic value. Medical sources characterize oats in reasonable detail. The cereal is said to be not very appealing in its flavour (which reveals unbalanced humours), characteris­tic of limited wholesomeness, slightly astringent (and therefore slowing down the work of the alimentary tract), hard to digest, delicately desiccating, heating and cooling at the same time. The same material suggests that oats were used for therapeutic purposes. Mainly they were profited from to treat diarrhea, stomach problems, liver ail­ments, prepare cataplasms to stimulate diaphoresis, help remove mucus from the bronchi and feed the feverish.

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