In situ organically cross-linked polymer gel for high-temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulhelmi Amir ◽  
Ismail Mohd Said ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Conformance Control

scholarly journals An Optimization Study of Polyacrylamide-Polyethylenimine-Based Polymer Gel for High Temperature Reservoir Conformance Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulhelmi Amir ◽  
Ismail Mohd Saaid ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Optimization Study

This paper presents optimization formulation of organically crosslinked polymer gel for high temperature reservoir conformance control using response surface methodology (RSM). It is always desirable to approach an optimal polymer gel formulation study with adequate performance information related to viscosity and gelation time to minimize excessive water production. In this paper, the effects of polymer and crosslinker concentrations and their influences on gelation time and viscosity were investigated. Central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimized organically crosslinked polymer gel formulation. Concentrations of two main raw materials, namely, polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyethylenimine (PEI), were varied in a suitable range. This was to obtain the formulation with the desirable two vital responses, which are viscosity and gelation time. It was found that the results fitted the quadratic equation. Statistically, the quadratic model is reliable and adequate perfectly the variability of the responses obtained from the experimental data. In addition, gelation time and gel viscosity may be controlled by adjusting both polymer and crosslinker concentrations. The optimum formulated organically crosslinked polymer gel with significant desirability factor conditions was achieved at 1.5% w/v of PAM and 0.3% v/v of PEI.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of in situ polymer hydrogels for conformance control of oil reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lúcia Nazareth Pinho de Aguiar ◽  
Priscila Frias de Oliveira ◽  
Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Higher Temperature

In fractured reservoirs, fluids injected Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) are channeled through the fracture zones and travel through highly permeable regions, failing to displace part of the oil, and decreasing oil recovery efficiency. To solve these problems, the conformance control technique is now widely used, as it allows the reservoir to be swept totally, similar to the ideal condition. In this context, polyacrylamide-based polymer gel systems can be used to block the high-permeability regions of the rock matrix, forming in situ hydrogels that block the rock pores, avoiding the channeling of the fluids, and increasing the oil production. These polyacrylamide-based hydrogels can be crosslinked by inorganic (metal ions) or organic substances, and various systems are used for conformance control. Due to the greater stability of the bond formed between the polymer and the organic crosslinker, these systems are now used in higher temperature reservoirs. In order to produce hydrogels with higher resistance to severe salinity and temperature conditions, nanoparticles are applied to form systems with good mechanical resistance, and high thermal stability. These have presented promising results for conformance control.

The reaction of amorphous Ni-Nb films with Si in the presence of a native SiO2 layer

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
N. Rozhanski ◽  
A. Barg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Sio2 Layer ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Amorphous Ni-Nb alloys are of potential interest as diffusion barriers for high temperature metallization for VLSI. In the present work amorphous Ni-Nb films were sputter deposited on Si(100) and their interaction with a substrate was studied in the temperature range (200-700)°C. The crystallization of films was observed on the plan-view specimens heated in-situ in Philips-400ST microscope. Cross-sectional objects were prepared to study the structure of interfaces.The crystallization temperature of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 and Ni8 0 Nb2 0 films was found to be equal to 675°C and 525°C correspondingly. The crystallization of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 films is followed by the formation of Ni6Nb7 and Ni3Nb nucleus. Ni8 0Nb2 0 films crystallise with the formation of Ni and Ni3Nb crystals. No interaction of both films with Si substrate was observed on plan-view specimens up to 700°C, that is due to the barrier action of the native SiO2 layer.

In-situ reaction between arsenic/selenium and minerals in fly ash at high temperature during blended coal combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1356-1364
Author(s):  
Jun HAN ◽  
Yang-shuo LIANG ◽  
Bo ZHAO ◽  
Zi-jiang XIONG ◽  
Lin-bo QIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
In Situ Reaction ◽  
Blended Coal
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