Core-multishell nanotransporters enhance skin penetration of the cell-penetrating peptide low molecular weight protamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Do ◽  
Günther Weindl ◽  
Emanuel Fleige ◽  
Mario Salwiczek ◽  
Beate Koksch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Penetrating

Low molecular weight protamine (LMWP): A nontoxic protamine substitute and an effective cell-penetrating peptide

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huining He ◽  
Junxiao Ye ◽  
Ergang Liu ◽  
Qiuling Liang ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Penetrating

The systemic delivery of siRNAs by a cell penetrating peptide, low molecular weight protamine

Biomaterials ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Suk Choi ◽  
Jue Yeon Lee ◽  
Jin Sook Suh ◽  
Young-Min Kwon ◽  
Seung-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Synthesis of Type B Gelatin and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticles: Potential Applications as Bioactive Molecule Carriers and Cell-Penetrating Agents

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4078
Author(s):  
Cristina Gonzalez-Melo ◽  
Andres J. Garcia-Brand ◽  
Valentina Quezada ◽  
Luis H. Reyes ◽  
Carolina Muñoz-Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Type B ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Gelatin Nanoparticles ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Bioactive Molecule

Gelatin and chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nanofood applications due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study proposed a highly efficient synthesis method for type B gelatin and low-molecular-weight (LMW) chitosan nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized by the double desolvation method and the chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) by the ionic gelation method. The sizes of the obtained CNPs and GNPs (373 ± 71 nm and 244 ± 67 nm, respectively) and zeta potential (+36.60 ± 3.25 mV and −13.42 ± 1.16 mV, respectively) were determined via dynamic light scattering. Morphology and size were verified utilizing SEM and TEM images. Finally, their biocompatibility was tested to assure their potential applicability as bioactive molecule carriers and cell-penetrating agents.

scholarly journals Amended Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Nonoxynol-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -81

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Ocular Irritation

Nonoxynol-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, and -8 (low molecular weight Nonoxynols) are ethoxylated alkylphenols used in cosmetic formulations as surfactants-emulsifying agents, principally in hair dyes and colors. The safety of Nonoxynols were assessed previously (Elder, R. L., ed. 1983. Final report on the safety assessment of Nonoxynol-2, -4, -8, -9, -10, -12, -14, -15, -30, -40, and -50. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 2:35–60). This report amends the conclusion on Nonoxynol-2, -4, and -8 reached in that report. There was no significant skin penetration using cadaver skin in which Nonoxynols-2, -4, and -9 were applied in conditions simulating leave-on or rinse-off applications. Under both conditions, the total skin penetration of Nonoxynol-2, -4, and -9 was less than 1% over a 48-hour period. Results of acute oral toxicity studies indicated that these low molecular weight Nonoxynols were at most slightly toxic. Nonoxynol-5 and -6 produce severe ocular irritation in test animals. They also produce skin irritation in test animals, but are not sensitizers. Due to the severity of ocular irritation reactions in animals, avoiding the use of products containing low molecular weight Nonoxynols in the area surrounding the eyes was discussed. The no-adverse-effect level in reproductive and developmental toxicity tests in which Nonoxynol-9 was delivered orally or intravaginally was higher than any possible exposure from cosmetic products. There was no evidence for genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. Ethylene oxide residues, although present in small amounts in several preparations, were not considered sufficient to present a carcinogenesis risk. The report discusses the need to ensure that the use of cosmetic products containing Nonoxynols should not result in ethylene oxide exposures above 0.1 mg/day. Unreacted nonylphenol may be present in low molecular weight Nonoxynols, but levels appear to be <500 ppm. The report discusses the need for cosmetic product formulators to exercise care so that any Nonylphenol in finished products is not found in toxic amounts. Clinical studies using Nonoxynol-9 showed irritation of the vaginal mucosa, along with increased epithelial disruption. A 2% solution of Nonoxynol-8.3 and -9 was sensitizing in dermatitis patients. A repeat insult patch test in normal volunteers using Nonoxynol-2 at a concentration of 5 % showed no evidence of allergic contact dermatitis, but there were reactions at 10%. Based on the available animal and clinical data, Nonoxynols-1 through -8 are safe as used in rinse-off products and safe for use in leave-on products at concentrations no greater than 5%.

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R Hermes De Santis ◽  
Betsy S Laumeister ◽  
Vidhu Bansal ◽  
Vandana Kataria ◽  
Preeti Loomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment
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