Synthesis of high-molecular-weight epoxy resins from modified natural oils and Bisphenol A or BisphenolA-based epoxy resins

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czub
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Natural Oils

Recent Advances in Bio-Based Sustainable Aliphatic and Aromatic Epoxy Resins for Composite Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
S. Sathyaraj ◽  
K. Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Made In

In few recent years, it is seen that there is a rapid expansion in the area of bio based thermosetting resins sighting the reason that it has bright future. The curiosity in developing bio based products and bio based refinery processes has been strengthened due to the swift exhaustion of petroleum and also due to new environmental set of laws. The mostly used epoxy resins are by and large diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), which is petroleum based ones owing to its superior mechanical and thermal properties. But the research is in full fledge to hit upon a bio-based sustainable substitute for DGEBA. As the researches over the years have shown that, bio-epoxy derived from neither natural oil nor lignin derivatives or other bio-based aromatic resins are able to fully replace DGEBA in terms of all properties. Hence, it opens a wide window open for their blends with DGEBA. This paper will shower a light on the current progresses made in the field of bio-based epoxy monomers derived from different natural oils and its blends with DGEBA, lignin derived aromatic resins and finally a novel bio-epoxy derived from magnolol. The magnolol derived diglycidyl ether of magnolol (DGEM) was found to have comparable mechanical and thermal properties with better flame retardancy and hence could be a good contender to replace DGEBA.

scholarly journals Prenatal high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A, and childhood respiratory and allergic outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Berger ◽  
Brenda Eskenazi ◽  
John Balmes ◽  
Katie Kogut ◽  
Nina Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Molecular Weight

scholarly journals Dietary intake and household exposures as predictors of urinary concentrations of high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A in a cohort of adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna R. Smith ◽  
Katherine R. Kogut ◽  
Kimberly Parra ◽  
Asa Bradman ◽  
Nina Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Abstract Background Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine disrupting chemicals used in consumer products, building materials, and food processing and packaging materials. They are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially when exposure occurs during heightened windows of susceptibility. Objective We evaluated the relationship between housing and dietary characteristics and the concentration of several high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and BPA in a cohort of Latina adolescents. Methods We collected information on recent food consumption and housing characteristics and quantified the concentration of HMW phthalate and BPA metabolites in urine collected at two different time points. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess predictors of each metabolite. Results No significant associations were observed between housing and dietary characteristics and metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) or BPA. In contrast, higher urinary monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentration was associated with living in a home with vinyl or linoleum flooring (66.7% change, p-value <0.01), while higher urinary mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) concentration was associated with recent consumption of coffee (47.2% change, p-value <0.01), and fast food (30.3% change, p-value <0.05). Significance These findings may be useful in targeting interventions that reduce phthalate uptake in young adults.

scholarly journals Rheological Analysis of the Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Epoxy Resins from Modified Soybean Oil and Bisphenol A or BPA-Based Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6770
Author(s):  
Anna Sienkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Czub
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Gelation Process

The research undertaken in this work is one of the examples of the engineering of modern polymer materials. This manuscript presents studies on the gelation process which might occur during the synthesis of epoxy resin using the modified vegetable oil via the epoxy fusion process conducted in bulk. Based on obtained results we determined rheological parameters related to the properties of reacting mixture during the polyaddition process, especially before and after occurring the phenomenon of gelation (via (1) theoretical determination of the gel point using the degree of conversion of reactants before occurring the gelation process of reacting mixture and (2) experimentally—the dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus, G′; loss modulus, G″; and loss tangent, tg δ). Theoretical investigations show that for both systems: epoxidized soybean oil and bisphenol A (ESBO_BPA), as well as the hydroxylated soybean oil and low molecular weight epoxy resin (SMEG_EPR), theoretical values of the degree of conversion at the gel point are characterized by similar values (ESBO_BPA: xgel-theoretical = 0.620, xgel-theoretical = 0.620 and SMEG_EPR: xgel-theoretical = 0.614, xgel-experiment = 0.630, respectively), while the one determined based on the initial assumptions are greater than the above-mentioned (ESBO_BPA: xgel-assumed = 0.696 and SMEG_EPR: xgel-assumed = 0.667). Moreover, experimental studies in the viscoelastic fluid stage showed that the SMEG_EPR system is characterized by lower values of G′ and G″, which indicates lower elasticity and lower viscosity than the epoxidized derivative. It was found that alike during the conventional polyaddition reaction, both systems initially are homogeneous liquids of increasing viscosity. Wherein gradual increase in viscosity of the reaction mixture is related to the fusion of oligomer molecules and the formation of higher molecular weight products. In the critical stage of the process, known as the gelation point, the reaction mixture converts into the solid form, containing an insoluble cross-linked polymer.

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