The Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Prices and Product Availability

John Cawley; David Frisvold; Anna Hill; David Jones

doi:10.1002/pam.22201

The Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Prices and Product Availability

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3247248 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

John Cawley ◽

David E. Frisvold ◽

Anna Hill ◽

David Jones

Keyword(s):

Product Availability ◽

The Impact

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Customer End of Retail Supply Chains: A Big Data Analysis of Consumer Satisfaction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1464

Author(s):

Patrick Brandtner ◽

Farzaneh Darbanian ◽

Taha Falatouri ◽

Chibuzor Udokwu

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Consumer Satisfaction ◽

Future Research ◽

Grocery Shopping ◽

Product Availability ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Retail Chains ◽

Retail Supply Chains ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest disruptive events of recent decades and has had a global effect on society and the economy. The political regulations resulting from COVID-19 also led to significant changes in physical grocery shopping. However, the specific impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction at the customer end of retail supply chains, i.e., the point-of-sale (PoS), has not yet been addressed. By gathering and analyzing consumer satisfaction data (ratings) and sentiments (evaluation comments) available on the open web, the current study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction at the PoS. Focusing on the five biggest retail chains in Austria, the results show that there was a general and significant decline in consumer satisfaction due to the pandemic. The results also show a high impact of political regulations on consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, the text-mining based analysis of evaluation comments indicate that store layout and facilities, as well as product availability and waiting time had a great impact on consumer satisfaction. In total, over 533,000 consumer satisfaction ratings and over 153,000 textual comments have been analyzed, providing the basis for a comprehensive and sound discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction and perceptions. Future research could focus on applying the used data analysis technique and the adapted consumer sentiment dimensions in different settings, such as countries other than Austria or smaller retail chains.

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Evaluating tobacco retailer experience and compliance with a flavoured tobacco product restriction in Boston, Massachusetts: impact on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055124 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lindsay Kephart ◽

Claude Setodji ◽

Joseph Pane ◽

William Shadel ◽

Glory Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Implementation ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Consumer Demand ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Process Measures ◽

Product Availability ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

BackgroundFlavoured tobacco products are widely available in youth-accessible retailers and are associated with increased youth initiation and use. The city of Boston, Massachusetts restricted the sale of flavoured tobacco products, including cigars, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes, to adult-only retailers. This paper describes the impact of the restriction on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand.MethodsBetween January and December 2016, data were collected in 488 retailers in Boston at baseline and 469 retailers at 8-month follow-up, measuring the type, brand and flavour of tobacco products being sold. Process measures detailing the educational enforcement process, and retailer experience were also captured. McNemar tests and t-tests were used to assess the impact of the restriction on product availability.ResultsAfter policy implementation, only 14.4% of youth-accessible retailers sold flavoured products compared with 100% of retailers at baseline (p<0.001). Flavoured tobacco product advertisements decreased from being present at 58.9% of retailers to 28.0% at follow-up (p<0.001). Postimplementation, retailers sold fewer total flavoured products, with remaining products often considered as concept flavours (eg, jazz, blue). At follow-up, 64.0% of retailers reported that customers only asked for flavoured products a few times a week or did not ask at all. Retailers reported that educational visits and the flavoured product guidance list aided with compliance.ConclusionTobacco retailers across Boston were largely in compliance with the regulation. Availability of flavoured tobacco products in youth-accessible retailers declined city-wide after policy implementation. Strong educational and enforcement infrastructure may greatly enhance retailer compliance.

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Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products

Review of Economics and Statistics ◽

10.1162/rest_a_00880 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Diego Aparicio ◽

Alberto Cavallo

Keyword(s):

Price Dispersion ◽

Common Belief ◽

Entry And Exit ◽

Price Controls ◽

Product Availability ◽

New Varieties ◽

The Impact

We study the impact of targeted price controls on supermarket products in Argentina. Using daily prices for controlled and noncontrolled goods, we examine the effects on inflation, product availability, entry and exit, and price dispersion. First, price controls have only a small and temporary effect on inflation that reverses soon after the controls are lifted. Second, contrary to common belief, controlled goods are consistently available for sale. Third, firms respond by introducing new varieties at higher prices. Overall, our results show that targeted price controls are just as ineffective as more traditional policies of price controls in reducing aggregate inflation.

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Application of Lateral Transshipment in Cost Reduction of Decentralized Systems

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12125081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 5081

Author(s):

Yi Liao ◽

Jun Li ◽

Xinxin Hu ◽

Ying Li ◽

Wenjing Shen

Keyword(s):

Inventory Management ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Demand Uncertainty ◽

Switching Behavior ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Decentralized Systems ◽

Product Availability ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Lateral Transshipment ◽

The Impact

COVID-19 has exposed the global supply chains to great vulnerability. In such extreme circumstances, product availability becomes a primary concern. This paper studies a basic inventory management strategy—lateral transshipment—under decentralized systems, which may play an important role in dealing with stockouts during unexpected crises. Lateral transshipments not only react quickly to stockout, but are also environmentally friendly due to the significant reduction of production and transportation pollution. This paper studies optimal lateral transshipment and replenishment decisions under a decentralized setting. We construct a multi-stage stochastic model that captures demand uncertainty and customer switching behavior. We demonstrate that, similar to the centralized setting, the optimal transshipment decision follows a double-threshold structure. The optimal replenishment quantities are determined under two pricing mechanisms—individual mechanism (IP) and negotiated mechanism (NP). Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the impact of lateral transshipment on supply chain cost reduction.

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Leveraging utilitarian perspective of online shopping to motivate online shoppers

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management ◽

10.1108/ijrdm-08-2017-0161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 247-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar ◽

Anil Kumar Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Success Factors ◽

Online Shopping ◽

Central India ◽

Online Marketing ◽

Content Type ◽

Product Availability ◽

Online Shoppers ◽

Shopping Motivation ◽

The Impact

Purpose Shopping motivation has been extensively explored in traditional marketing context but less in online shopping. Utilitarian attribute of online shopping is one of the success factors of e-retailing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the utilitarian shopping motivation in online shopping and validate these factors through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from the 183 regular online shoppers. The collected data were analysed through exploratory factor analysis and CFA using Amos 22 version. Findings This paper explored the utilitarian shopping motivation of online shopping into five factors, i.e. information availability, accessibility, searchability, product availability and convenience. Research limitations/implications The research is conducted on online shoppers to measure their utilitarian motives of shopping online. Further research may be conducted to investigate other motives of online shopping. The sample is taken from Central India which is not enough to generalise the findings. Research may be conducted in other regions and on different segment of respondents to know the impact of geographical variance on utilitarian perspectives of online shoppers. Originality/value This paper addresses a significant input in online retailing platform, and it will contribute to the theory of shopping motivations in online shopping context and provide valuable inputs for developing online marketing strategies. The findings of the study also aid to retail practitioners in analysing retailing’s current transformation due to digitalization.

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Modelling retailer-based exemptions in flavoured tobacco sales restrictions: national estimates on the impact of product availability

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e040490

Author(s):

Barbara A Schillo ◽

Adam F Benson ◽

Lauren Czaplicki ◽

Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel ◽

Elexis C Kierstead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Control Policy ◽

Alcohol Outlet ◽

Retail Environment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcohol Outlets ◽

Product Availability ◽

Specialty Store ◽

The Impact ◽

Racial Ethnic

ObjectivesMore than 250 US localities restrict sales of flavoured tobacco products (FTPs), but comprehensiveness varies, and many include retailer-based exemptions. The purpose of this study is to examine resulting changes in the US retail environment for FTPs if there was a hypothetical national tobacco control policy that would prohibit FTP sales in all retailers except (1) tobacco specialty stores or (2) tobacco specialty stores and alcohol outlets.Design and settingA cross-sectional analysis of the FTP retail environment in every US Census tract (n=74 133). FTP retailers (n=3 10 090) were enumerated using nine unique codes from a national business directory (n=296 716) and a national vape shop directory (n=13 374).Outcome measuresWe assessed FTP availability using static-bandwidth and adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation. We then calculated the proportion of FTP stores remaining and the mean density of FTP retailers under each policy scenario for the overall population, as well as across populations vulnerable to FTP use.ResultsExempting tobacco specialty stores alone would leave 25 276 (8.2%) FTP retailers nationwide, while exempting both tobacco specialty stores and alcohol outlets would leave 54 091 (17.4%) retailers. On average, the per cent remaining FTP availability per 100 000 total population was 7.1% for a tobacco specialty store exemption and 18.1% for a tobacco specialty store and alcohol outlet exemption. Overall, density estimate trends for remaining FTP availability among racial/ethnic populations averaged across Census tracts mirrored total population density. However, estimates varied when stratified by metropolitan status. Compared with the national average, FTP availability would remain 47%–49% higher for all racial/ethnic groups in large metropolitan areas.ConclusionsRetailer-based exemptions allow greater FTP availability compared with comprehensive policies which would reduce FTP availability to zero. Strong public policies have the greatest potential impact on reducing FTP availability, particularly among urban, and racial/ethnic minority populations.

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The effects of retail store characteristics on in-store leisure shopping experience

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management ◽

10.1108/ijrdm-07-2016-0121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1034-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Amalia Triantafillidou ◽

George Siomkos ◽

Eirini Papafilippaki

Keyword(s):

Product Quality ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

The Body ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Product Availability ◽

Shopping Experience ◽

The Impact ◽

Leisure Shopping

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of store characteristics (i.e. product availability, product quality, store layout, employee politeness, décor, music, lighting, and aroma) on the various dimensions of in-store leisure shopping experience (i.e. hedonic, flow, escapism, challenge, learning, socialising, and communitas). Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve the study’s objectives, a quantitative on-site survey was conducted. Respondents were interviewed upon exiting fashion retail stores. Findings Findings indicate that not all store characteristics impact the various dimensions of experience in the same way. Product quality and in-store music were found to be the most important in-store characteristics that affected the majority of experience dimensions. Other important store attributes that emerged were store layout and ambient scent. Conversely, product range actually had a negative impact on in-store experience. Practical implications By orchestrating the most influential in-store characteristics, fashion retailers could be delivering unique in-store experiences to their customers. This research shows that they would benefit from designing experiential strategies that focus on merchandise quality, price, and availability while simultaneously carefully managing ambient (music and scent) alongside design factors (store layout and décor). Careful consideration should be paid to merchandise variety in order to avoid potentially negative effects on customers’ shopping experience. Originality/value Until now most studies that document the relationship between store elements and shopping experiences have examined the effects of store characteristics on a limited number of experience dimensions. This study adds to the body of research into in-store leisure shopping experience in two ways: by shedding light on its multi-dimensional nature, and by analysing the effect of the different store elements on the various components of the in-store experience.

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