Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Diego Aparicio ◽  
Alberto Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Impact

We study the impact of targeted price controls on supermarket products in Argentina. Using daily prices for controlled and noncontrolled goods, we examine the effects on inflation, product availability, entry and exit, and price dispersion. First, price controls have only a small and temporary effect on inflation that reverses soon after the controls are lifted. Second, contrary to common belief, controlled goods are consistently available for sale. Third, firms respond by introducing new varieties at higher prices. Overall, our results show that targeted price controls are just as ineffective as more traditional policies of price controls in reducing aggregate inflation.

The Impact of the Philadelphia Beverage Tax on Prices and Product Availability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cawley ◽  
David E. Frisvold ◽  
Anna Hill ◽  
David Jones
Keyword(s):  
Product Availability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation and Exports: Evidence from the Comprehensive Air Pollution Policy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Firm Entry And Exit

The impact of environmental regulation has been an important topic. Based on the Chinese Custom Database and China City Statistical Yearbook, this paper investigates the effect of environmental regulation on export values and explores potential mechanisms and heterogeneous effects. Taking advantage of China’s first comprehensive air pollution prevention and control plan, the Air Pollution Control in Key Zones policy, as a quasi-natural experiment, we employ the difference-in-differences method to examine the causal relationship between environmental regulation and exports. We find the statistically significant and negative effect of environmental regulation on exports at the city level. Moreover, we find that the potential mechanism is the change in export values caused by firm entry and exit, especially by exiters, rather than the change in the number of exporting firms in the city caused by firm entry and exit. In addition, we find the heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation based on the differences of environmental policy across cities and the Broad Economic Categories classification.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Customer End of Retail Supply Chains: A Big Data Analysis of Consumer Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Patrick Brandtner ◽  
Farzaneh Darbanian ◽  
Taha Falatouri ◽  
Chibuzor Udokwu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Retail Supply Chains ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest disruptive events of recent decades and has had a global effect on society and the economy. The political regulations resulting from COVID-19 also led to significant changes in physical grocery shopping. However, the specific impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction at the customer end of retail supply chains, i.e., the point-of-sale (PoS), has not yet been addressed. By gathering and analyzing consumer satisfaction data (ratings) and sentiments (evaluation comments) available on the open web, the current study evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction at the PoS. Focusing on the five biggest retail chains in Austria, the results show that there was a general and significant decline in consumer satisfaction due to the pandemic. The results also show a high impact of political regulations on consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, the text-mining based analysis of evaluation comments indicate that store layout and facilities, as well as product availability and waiting time had a great impact on consumer satisfaction. In total, over 533,000 consumer satisfaction ratings and over 153,000 textual comments have been analyzed, providing the basis for a comprehensive and sound discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on consumer satisfaction and perceptions. Future research could focus on applying the used data analysis technique and the adapted consumer sentiment dimensions in different settings, such as countries other than Austria or smaller retail chains.

The Impact of Same versus Different Price Presentation on Travel Choice and the Moderating Role of Childhood Socioeconomic Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752098890
Author(s):  
Marilyn Giroux ◽  
Drew Franklin ◽  
Jungkeun Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Park ◽  
Kyuseop Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
The Impact

When making travel decisions, consumers are frequently exposed to a multitude of options, including differing price levels for the same product or service across a range of online travel agencies. The current research investigates how the magnitude of price dispersion in online pricing can influence travelers’ product evaluations and purchase intentions. Specifically, we predict that travelers will prefer a hotel with no price dispersion to a hotel with different prices listed when the price difference is small, or narrow. However, when the price difference is more pronounced, or wide, travelers will prefer a hotel with price differences compared to a hotel with no price dispersion. Four experiments demonstrate that this effect is consistent across different contexts and categories. Additionally, based on life history theory, we argue that the relative preference for the same versus different price dispersion will be moderated by the travelers’ childhood socioeconomic status (SES).

How Price Dispersion Changes When Upgrades Are Introduced: Theory and Empirical Evidence from the Airline Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3835-3852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Cui ◽  
A. Yeşim Orhun ◽  
Izak Duenyas
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Valuation Effect ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the effect of introducing a new vertical differentiation strategy, paying for an upgrade to a premium product after purchasing the base product, on the price dispersion of the base product arising from existing price discrimination strategies. In particular, we examine how a major U.S. airline’s price dispersion in the coach cabin changes after introducing the option to upgrade to a new type of premium economy seating within the coach cabin. We first provide a theoretical analysis that highlights two competing pressures that the new premium economy seating upgrades created on coach class prices. On the one hand, the airline benefits from lowering its prices because by allowing more customers to purchase in the first place, it increases the probability of selling upgrades (admission effect). On the other hand, for some customers, the value of flying with the airline increases because of the upgrade availability, therefore the airline may find it optimal to increase its prices (valuation effect). In the second part of the paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of upgrade introduction on coach class prices, based on a proprietary transaction-level data set from a major U.S. airline company. The empirical analysis tests the main predictions of our theoretical model and examines further nuances. The results show that the introduction of the premium economy seating upgrades is associated with an increase in the price dispersion and revenues in the coach class, the admission effect is stronger than the valuation effect on the low end of the price distribution, and the opposite is true on the high end of the price distribution. Finally, we discuss implications of our results for firm revenues and consumer welfare. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

scholarly journals Administrative accounting consulting: a new way of running a company through technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Ramiro Rodrigues Sumar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Scientific Periodicals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Objective: To describe the impact from the obstacles and potentialities that technology has brought to accounting consulting. Question: How can administrative accounting consulting help a company using technologies? Methods: The study is a bibliographic review. A search was conducted with the descriptors: technology; innovation; accounting; accounting on Spell’s data platform (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library) in June 2021. The search resulted in 10 articles. Results: the results brought as obstacles: The increasing technological advance, adapt to the use of these new technologies, Centrality of the role of the accountant in traditional models, Lack of software knowledge,Lack of specialized workforce, malfunction of the connection, Skilled labor. And as potentialities: Use of different digital technologies, Agility and time gain, Convenience, inseparable relationship between technology and consultative accounting promoting agile and quality support to its various users, Customer satisfaction, Speed and flexibility and Cost reduction. Conclusions: It is understood that Information Technologies positively influence the exercise of consultative accounting, although in addition to the advantages has its disadvantages. It is worth mentioning that the technologies enable the control of accounting information for the entry and exit of materials and inputs, as well as their origin and final destination, avoiding unnecessary losses, including deviations, agility, flexibility and security.

Cross-industry growth differences with asymmetric industries and endogenous market structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Yu Huang ◽  
Lei Ji
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Policy Rules ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Endogenous Market Structure ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patent Breadth

Abstract We develop a two-industry R&D growth model with a free-entry endogenous market structure to evaluate the impact of industrial fundamentals on cross-industry differences of TFP growth and R&D intensity. Endogenous market structure in our model allows the firm’s market size to respond to the firm’s entry and exit which complements the models with an exogenous market structure in the previous literature. We find that surprisingly, an industry with a relatively high R&D productivity or appropriability exhibits “relatively” low in-house innovation growth and R&D intensity during transition. Moreoever, we examine the effects of R&D subsidies and patent breadth policies on industry differences by implementing both asymmetric and symmetric policy rules. We find that only asymmetric R&D subsidies have impacts on TFP growth and R&D intensity differences.

scholarly journals Retention of Pro-Vitamin A Content in Products from New Biofortified Cassava Varieties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Emmanuel Eyinla ◽  
Busie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu ◽  
Rasaki Ajani Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Percentage Retention ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Plant breeding efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have produced biofortified cassava with high carotenoid content to address vitamin A deficiencies (VAD). Since carotenoids in foods are easily depleted during processing, the retention of β-carotene in some newly released cassava varieties is under query. From four of these new varieties, two commonly consumed products (gari and its dough) were processed according to standard methods. Retention of β-carotene was then probed after applying fermentation periods of a day and three days. The possible contribution of the products to Vitamin A intake in children, adolescents, and women was also assessed. The concentration of β-carotene in fresh Cassava roots ranged from 5.32 to 7.81 µg/g. The percentage retention ranged from 14.4 to 29.3% and 10 to 21.7% in gari fermented for one and three days respectively. The impact of varietal difference and length of fermentation was significant on retention in the intermediate and final products (p < 0.001). When compared with dietary intake data, cooking biofortified gari into its dough reduced Vitamin A intake in most varieties. We conclude that processing Cassava into gari (especially its dough) could hinder the retention of β-carotene however some varieties have retention advantage over others irrespective of the initial concentration in their fresh roots.

Evaluating tobacco retailer experience and compliance with a flavoured tobacco product restriction in Boston, Massachusetts: impact on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kephart ◽  
Claude Setodji ◽  
Joseph Pane ◽  
William Shadel ◽  
Glory Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

BackgroundFlavoured tobacco products are widely available in youth-accessible retailers and are associated with increased youth initiation and use. The city of Boston, Massachusetts restricted the sale of flavoured tobacco products, including cigars, smokeless tobacco and e-cigarettes, to adult-only retailers. This paper describes the impact of the restriction on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand.MethodsBetween January and December 2016, data were collected in 488 retailers in Boston at baseline and 469 retailers at 8-month follow-up, measuring the type, brand and flavour of tobacco products being sold. Process measures detailing the educational enforcement process, and retailer experience were also captured. McNemar tests and t-tests were used to assess the impact of the restriction on product availability.ResultsAfter policy implementation, only 14.4% of youth-accessible retailers sold flavoured products compared with 100% of retailers at baseline (p<0.001). Flavoured tobacco product advertisements decreased from being present at 58.9% of retailers to 28.0% at follow-up (p<0.001). Postimplementation, retailers sold fewer total flavoured products, with remaining products often considered as concept flavours (eg, jazz, blue). At follow-up, 64.0% of retailers reported that customers only asked for flavoured products a few times a week or did not ask at all. Retailers reported that educational visits and the flavoured product guidance list aided with compliance.ConclusionTobacco retailers across Boston were largely in compliance with the regulation. Availability of flavoured tobacco products in youth-accessible retailers declined city-wide after policy implementation. Strong educational and enforcement infrastructure may greatly enhance retailer compliance.

scholarly journals Optimal Regulation in the Presence of Reputation Concerns *

2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atkeson ◽  
Christian Hellwig ◽  
Guillermo Ordoñez
Keyword(s):  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Free Entry ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Equilibrium Prices ◽  
Random Growth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In all markets, firms go through a process of creative destruction: entry, random growth, and exit. In many of these markets there are also regulations that restrict entry, possibly distorting this process. We study the public interest rationale for entry taxes in a general equilibrium model with free entry and exit of firms in which firm dynamics are driven by reputation concerns. In our model firms can produce high-quality output by making a costly but efficient initial unobservable investment. If buyers never learn about this investment, an extreme “lemons problem” develops, no firm invests, and the market shuts down. Learning introduces reputation incentives such that a fraction of entrants do invest. We show that if the market operates with spot prices, entry taxes always enhance the role of reputation to induce investment, improving welfare despite the impact of these taxes on equilibrium prices and total production.

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