scholarly journals Digital anthropometry for body circumference measurements: Toward the development of universal three‐dimensional optical system analysis software

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Sobhiyeh ◽  
Samantha Kennedy ◽  
Alexander Dunkel ◽  
Marcelline E. Dechenaud ◽  
Jerome A. Weston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Software

Atomic Resolution in Crystal Aperture Stem

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J T Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Electron Optical System ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Diffraction Effects ◽  
Design Aspect

The attempts at improvement of electron optical systems to date, have largely been directed towards the design aspect of magnetic lenses and towards the establishment of ideal lens combinations. In the present work the emphasis has been placed on the utilization of a unique three-dimensional crystal objective aperture within a standard electron optical system with the aim to reduce the spherical aberration without introducing diffraction effects. A brief summary of this work together with a description of results obtained recently, will be given.The concept of utilizing a crystal as aperture in an electron optical system was introduced by Fourie who employed a {111} crystal foil as a collector aperture, by mounting the sample directly on top of the foil and in intimate contact with the foil. In the present work the sample was mounted on the bottom of the foil so that the crystal would function as an objective or probe forming aperture. The transmission function of such a crystal aperture depends on the thickness, t, and the orientation of the foil. The expression for calculating the transmission function was derived by Hashimoto, Howie and Whelan on the basis of the electron equivalent of the Borrmann anomalous absorption effect in crystals. In Fig. 1 the functions for a g220 diffraction vector and t = 0.53 and 1.0 μm are shown. Here n= Θ‒ΘB, where Θ is the angle between the incident ray and the (hkl) planes, and ΘB is the Bragg angle.

scholarly journals Maneuverability of the Scope and Instruments within Three Different Single-Incision Laparoscopic Ports: An Experimental Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Georg Haider ◽  
Ursula Schulz ◽  
Nikola Katic ◽  
Christian Peham ◽  
Gilles Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Port System ◽  
Sils Port ◽  
Glove Port ◽  
Analysis System

Single-port access systems (SPASs) are currently used in human and veterinary surgeries. However, they pose technical challenges, such as instrument crowding, intra- and extracorporeal instrument collision, and reduced maneuverability. Studies comparing the maneuverability of the scopes and instruments in different SPASs are lacking. This study aimed to compare the maneuverability of three different SPASs: the Covidien SILS-port, Storz Endocone, and glove port. A clear acrylic box with artificial skin placed at the bottom was used to mimic the abdominal wall and cavity. The three SPASs were placed from below, and a 10-mm endoscope and 5-mm instrument were introduced. A motion analysis system consisting of 18 cameras and motion analysis software were used to track the movement of the endoscope and instrument, to determine the volume of the cone-shaped, three-dimensional figures over which movement was possible, with higher values indicating greater maneuverability. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the analysis. The maneuverability of the endoscope alone was significantly higher in the glove port system than in the other two SPASs. When inserting an additional instrument, the maneuverability significantly decreased in the SILS-port and Endocone, but not in the glove port. The highest maneuverability overall was found in the glove port.

Study on the Conversion Method of Three-Dimensional Shape Prediction Model of BGA Solder Joints

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1693-1696
Author(s):  
Hua Bin Zhao ◽  
De Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Solder Joints ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ball Grid Array ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Surface Evolver ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Point Line ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

In the study of three-dimensional shape prediction of SMT solder joints, the software Surface Evolver has been widely applied as a quick and accurate effective tool for the prediction of solder joints shape. But the model it builds is not able to be directly imported into any finite element analysis software like ANSYS, and even after the import it still needs a lot of time to mend the import model. For this issue, to predict of the solder joints shape of ball grid array (BGA), the implement programs of three conversion methods of point-line-area method, axisymmetric method and infinitesimal method are given. By comparison, axisymmetric method and infinitesimal method are more suitable for the shape conversion of BGA solder joints.

Optical System Analysis Based on Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 0609005
Author(s):  
张蓓 Zhang Bei ◽  
付东翔 Fu Dongxiang ◽  
陈家璧 Chen Jiabi ◽  
项华中 Xiang Huazhong
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Spheroidal Wave Functions ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions

scholarly journals Automated three-dimensional measurements of version, inclination, and subluxation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Dave R Shukla ◽  
Richard J McLaughlin ◽  
Julia Lee ◽  
Ngoc Tram V Nguyen ◽  
Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Glenoid Version ◽  
Image Analysis Software ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Dimensional Measurements

Background Preoperative planning software has been developed to measure glenoid version, glenoid inclination, and humeral head subluxation on computed tomography (CT) for shoulder arthroplasty. However, most studies analyzing the effect of glenoid positioning on outcome were done prior to the introduction of planning software. Thus, measurements obtained from the software can only be extrapolated to predict failure provided they are similar to classic measurements. The purpose of this study was to compare measurements obtained using classic manual measuring techniques and measurements generated from automated image analysis software. Methods Ninety-five two-dimensional computed tomography scans of shoulders with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis were measured for version according to Friedman method, inclination according to Maurer method, and subluxation according to Walch method. DICOM files were loaded into an image analysis software (Blueprint, Wright Medical) and the output was compared with values obtained manually using a paired sample t-test. Results Average manual measurements included 13.8° version, 13.2° inclination, and 56.2% subluxation. Average image analysis software values included 17.4° version (3.5° difference, p < 0.0001), 9.2° inclination (3.9° difference, p < 0.001), and 74.2% for subluxation (18% difference, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Glenoid version and inclination values from the software and manual measurement on two-dimensional computed tomography were relatively similar, within approximately 4°. However, subluxation measurements differed by approximately 20%.

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