scholarly journals Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi , the causal agent of chestnut brown rot reported from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Coelho ◽  
E. Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Gnomoniopsis Smithogilvyi

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Monilinia fructigena as causal agent of brown rot on quince

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Goran Delibasic ◽  
Mirko Ivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Intensive Control ◽  
Apple Fruits

Species of the genus Monilinia are important causal agents of fruit rot on pome and stone fruits in Serbia. The pathogen is very harmful, especially on small properties and cottage plantations where intensive control measures are not applied. Quince is important host for the pathogens of this genus. During spring 2010, intensive occurrence of mummified fruits overwintering on branches of the quince was observed. The pathogen was isolated using standard phytopathological methods. Pathogenicity of eight obtained isolates was tested by artificial inoculation of injured apple fruits. Identification was performed according to pathogenic, morphological and ecological properties, and was confirmed by Multiplex polimeraze chain reaction, PCR. All the isolates studied caused brown rot on inoculated apple fruits. The isolates form light yellow colonies with lobate margins, with single-celled, transparent, elliptical or oval conidia in chains, regardless temperature or light presence. Sclerotia are observed in 14 days old cultures. The highest growth rate of most of the isolates is at 27?C and in dark. Based on studied pathogenic, morphological and ecological characteristics, it was found that the Monilinia fructigena is causal agent of brown rot of quince. Using specific primers (MO368-5, MO368-8R, MO368-10R, Laxa-R2) for detection of Monilinia species in Multiplex PCR reaction, the expected fragment 402 bp in size was amplified, which confirmed that the studied isolates belonged to the species M. fructigena.

scholarly journals First Report of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi Causing Chestnut Brown Rot on Chestnut Fruit in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2134-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Sakalidis ◽  
C. M. Medina-Mora ◽  
M. Kolp ◽  
D. W. Fulbright
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Gnomoniopsis Smithogilvyi

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia fructicola in Sweet Cherry in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chen ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
G. Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Petri Dishes

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey is the most important causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits in North America. In July 2010, 20 sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium) of unknown variety with symptoms resembling brown rot were collected from one commercial orchard in Maryland. Each cherry fruit came from a different tree. Symptoms included necrotic areas up to 10 mm in diameter with brown conidia and conidiophores developing from the infection center. Spores from nine symptomatic fruit collected each from different trees of a single orchard were suspended in sterile water, spread onto the surface of 1% agar plates, and incubated at 22°C. After 12 h, single, germinated spores were transferred onto 9-cm petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA). Nine fungal colonies, each from a different fruit, were investigated in three replicates for cultural characteristics on separate petri dishes containing PDA. They were very similar in morphology and grew 12.4 mm per day on average at 22°C, forming branched, monilioid chains of grayish colonies with concentric rings and little sporulation. Rich sporulation was observed on tomato sauce medium (250 ml tomato sauce and 20 g agar in 750 ml water). The lemon-shaped spores had an average size of 15 × 10 μm, which is consistent with M. fructicola. Two colonies were randomly selected to identify the pathogen to the species level using a PCR technique based on cytochrome b sequence amplifications (2). Resulting gel electrophoresis patterns were consistent with M. fructicola. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by inoculating 15 mature sweet cherry fruits of cv. Bing with a conidial suspension (105 spores/ml) of one of the single-spore isolates from cherry. Fruit were stab-inoculated at a point to a depth of 2 mm using a sterile needle. A 10-μl droplet was placed on each wound; control fruit received sterile water without conidia. After 3 days of incubation at room temperature in airtight plastic bags, the inoculated fruit developed typical brown rot symptoms with lesions that were 20.6 mm in diameter. The developing spores on inoculated fruit were confirmed to be M. fructicola. All control fruit remained healthy. The entire detached fruit experiment was repeated 1 week later. M. fructicola is assumed to be the main causal agent of brown rot of sweet cherry in the northeastern United States, but recent studies show that M. laxa is also causing the disease on sweet cherry in many northeastern states (1). For this reason, it is important to delineate species for accurate disease assessments. This study confirms assumptions that M. fructicola is a causal agent of sweet cherry in Maryland. References: (1) K. D. Cox et al. Plant Dis. 12:1584. 2011. (2) J.-M. Hily et al. Pest Manag. Sci. 67:385, 2011.

scholarly journals Botrytis cinerea control and the problem of fungicide resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Brankica Tanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Goran Delibasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Almost All

Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, greatly affects fruit, grapevine, vegetable and ornamental crops production. It is a common causal agent of diseases in plants grown in protected areas, as well as fruit decay during storage and transport. The fungus invades almost all parts of the plant in all developmental stages, and the symptoms are usually described as grey mould, grey mildew, brown rot and seedling blight. The paper reviews the current knowledge on control possibilities of this necrotrophic pathogen. The attention is particularly paid to the mode of action of novel fungicides and to the problem of resistance. It is pointed out that by limiting the number of treatments in the growing season, avoiding the use of only one fungicide with a high risk for resistance development, appropriate application rate and timing, using mixtures of pesticides with different modes of action, as well as by alternative use of pesticides from different resistance groups, a longterm preservation of pesticide efficacy is provided.

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