Low‐carbohydrate, high‐fat enteral formulas for managing glycemic control in patients who are critically ill: A review of the evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Burslem ◽  
Diane Rigassio Radler ◽  
Anna Parker ◽  
Rena Zelig
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Enteral Formulas

scholarly journals The effect on glycemic control of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat enteral formula in critically ill patients admitted to a trauma and critical care center

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyoshi Mohri ◽  
Hiroki Matsuda ◽  
Noriaki Kubo ◽  
Naoki Inadome ◽  
Yasushi Nakamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Care Center ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Enteral Formula

scholarly journals The effect of a short-term low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with or without postmeal walks on glycemic control and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. R1210-R1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Étienne Myette-Côté ◽  
Cody Durrer ◽  
Helena Neudorf ◽  
Tyler D. Bammert ◽  
José Diego Botezelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Lowering carbohydrate consumption effectively lowers glucose, but impacts on inflammation are unclear. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine whether reducing hyperglycemia by following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LC) diet could lower markers of innate immune cell activation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 2) examine if the combination of an LC diet with strategically timed postmeal walking was superior to an LC diet alone. Participants with T2D ( n = 11) completed a randomized crossover study involving three 4-day diet interventions: 1) low-fat low-glycemic index (GL), 2) and 3) LC with 15-min postmeal walks (LC+Ex). Four-day mean glucose was significantly lower in the LC+Ex group as compared with LC (−5%, P < 0.05), whereas both LC+Ex (−16%, P < 0.001) and LC (−12%, P < 0.001) conditions were lower than GL. A significant main effect of time was observed for peripheral blood mononuclear cells phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( P < 0.001), with decreases in all three conditions (GL: −32%, LC: −45%, and LC+Ex: −44%). A significant condition by time interaction was observed for monocyte microparticles ( P = 0.040) with a significant decrease in GL (−76%, P = 0.035) and a tendency for a reduction in LC (−70%, P = 0.064), whereas there was no significant change in LC+Ex (0.5%, P = 0.990). Both LC (−27%, P = 0.001) and LC+Ex (−35%, P = 0.005) also led to significant reductions in circulating proinsulin. An LC diet improved 4-day glycemic control and fasting proinsulin levels when compared with GL, with added glucose-lowering benefits when LC was combined with postmeal walking.

scholarly journals Effects of the low carbohydrate, high fat diet on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: experience from a community-based cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabina Roohi Ahmed ◽  
Sridevi Bellamkonda ◽  
Mihail Zilbermint ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Rita Rastogi Kalyani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Care Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.ResultsCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.ConclusionsIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.

723-P: Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat vs. High-Carbohydrate Low-Fat Diet on HbA1c Control in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 723-P
Author(s):  
LINGWANG AN ◽  
DANDAN WANG ◽  
XIAORONG SHI ◽  
CHENHUI LIU ◽  
KUEICHUN YEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Hba1c Control

scholarly journals Effects of Palm Stearin versus Butter in the Context of Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diets on Circulating Lipids in a Controlled Feeding Study in Healthy Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Parker N. Hyde ◽  
Teryn N. Sapper ◽  
Richard A. LaFountain ◽  
Madison L. Kackley ◽  
Alex Buga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background. Foods rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been discouraged by virtue of their cholesterol-raising potential, but this effect is modulated by the food source and background level of carbohydrate. Objective. We aimed to compare the consumption of palm stearin (PS) versus butter on circulating cholesterol responses in the setting of both a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LC/HF) and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy subjects. We also explored effects on plasma lipoprotein particle distribution and fatty acid composition. Methods. We performed a randomized, controlled-feeding, cross-over study that compared a PS- versus a Butter-based diet in a group of normocholesterolemic, non-obese adults. A controlled canola oil-based ‘Run-In’ diet preceded the experimental PS and Butter diets. All diets were eucaloric, provided for 3-weeks, and had the same macronutrient distribution but varied in primary fat source (40% of the total fat). The same Run-In and cross-over experiments were done in two separate groups who self-selected to either a LC/HF (n = 12) or a HC/LF (n = 12) diet track. The primary outcomes were low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, triglycerides, and LDL particle distribution. Results. Compared to PS, Butter resulted in higher LDL-C in both the LC/HF (13.4%, p = 0.003) and HC/LF (10.8%, p = 0.002) groups, which was primarily attributed to large LDL I and LDL IIa particles. There were no differences between PS and Butter in HDL-C, triglycerides, or small LDL particles. Oxidized LDL was lower after PS than Butter in LC/HF (p = 0.011), but not the HC/LF group. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that Butter raises LDL-C relative to PS in healthy normocholesterolemic adults regardless of background variations in carbohydrate and fat, an effect primarily attributed to larger cholesterol-rich LDL particles.

scholarly journals Low‐carbohydrate high‐fat weight reduction diet induces changes in human gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madis Jaagura ◽  
Ene Viiard ◽  
Kätrin Karu‐Lavits ◽  
Kaarel Adamberg
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Carbohydrate
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