Immunodetection of acetylated alpha-tubulin in stony corals: Evidence for the existence of flagella in coral male germ cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Shikina ◽  
Yi-Ling Chiu ◽  
Chieh-Jhen Chen ◽  
Shih-Han Yang ◽  
Jack I-Chen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Stony Corals

scholarly journals Structurally similar Drosophila alpha-tubulins are functionally distinct in vivo.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hutchens ◽  
H D Hoyle ◽  
F R Turner ◽  
E C Raff
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Tubulin Isoforms ◽  
Tubulin Structure

We used transgenic analysis in Drosophila to compare the ability of two structurally similar alpha-tubulin isoforms to support microtubule assembly in vivo. Our data revealed that even closely related alpha-tubulin isoforms have different functional capacities. Thus, in multicellular organisms, even small changes in tubulin structure may have important consequences for regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. In spermatogenesis, all microtubule functions in the postmitotic male germ cells are carried out by a single tubulin heterodimer composed of the major Drosophila alpha-84B tubulin isoform and the testis-specific beta 2-tubulin isoform. We tested the ability of the developmentally regulated alpha 85E-tubulin isoform to replace alpha 84B in spermatogenesis. Even though it is 98% similar in sequence, alpha 85E is not functionally equivalent to alpha 84B. alpha 85E can support some functional microtubules in the male germ cells, but alpha 85E causes dominant male sterility if it makes up more than one-half of the total alpha-tubulin pool in the spermatids. alpha 85E does not disrupt meiotic spindle or cytoplasmic microtubules but causes defects in morphogenesis of the two classes of singlet microtubules in the sperm tail axoneme, the central pair and the accessory microtubules. Axonemal defects caused by alpha 85E are precisely reciprocal to dominant defects in doublet microtubules we observed in a previous study of ectopic germ-line expression of the developmentally regulated beta 3-tubulin isoform. These data demonstrate that the doublet and singlet axoneme microtubules have different requirements for alpha- and beta-tubulin structure. In their normal sites of expression, alpha 85E and beta 3 are coexpressed during differentiation of several somatic cell types, suggesting that alpha 85E and beta 3 might form a specialized heterodimer. Our tests of different alpha-beta pairs in spermatogenesis did not support this model. We conclude that if alpha 85E and beta 3 have specialized properties required for their normal functions, they act independently to modulate the properties of microtubules into which they are incorporated.

scholarly journals NANOS2 suppresses the cell cycle by repressing mTORC1 activators in embryonic male germ cells

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102890
Author(s):  
Ryuki Shimada ◽  
Hiroko Koike ◽  
Takamasa Hirano ◽  
Yuzuru Kato ◽  
Yumiko Saga
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON THE DICTYOSOMES AND ACROBLASTS IN THE MALE GERM CELLS OF THE CRICKET

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Beams ◽  
T. N. Tahmisian ◽  
R. L. Devine ◽  
Everett Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Secondary Spermatocyte ◽  
A Chain

The dictyosome (Golgi body) in the secondary spermatocyte of the cricket appears in electron micrographs as a duplex structure composed of (a) a group of parallel double-membraned lamellae and (b) a group of associated vacuoles arranged along the compact lamellae in a chain-like fashion. This arrangement of ultramicroscopic structure for the dictyosomes is strikingly comparable to that described for the Golgi apparatus of vertebrates. Accordingly, the two are considered homologous structures. Associated with the duplex structure of the dictyosomes is a differentiated region composed of small vacuoles. This is thought to represent the pro-acrosome region described in light microscope preparations. In the spermatid the dictyosomes fuse, giving rise to the acroblast. Like the dictyosomes, the acroblasts are made up of double-membraned lamellae and associated vacuoles. In addition, a differentiated acrosome region is present which, in some preparations, may display the acrosome vacuole and granule. Both the dictyosomes and acroblasts are distinct from mitochondria.

scholarly journals Male germ cells and photoreceptors, both dependent on close cell–cell interactions, degenerate upon ClC-2 Cl− channel disruption

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Bösl ◽  
Valentin Stein ◽  
Christian Hübner ◽  
Anselm A. Zdebik ◽  
Sven-Eric Jordt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Cl Channel ◽  
Cell Cell

Golgi Bodies in the Male Germ-Cells of Vaginula maculata

Nature ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 172 (4380) ◽  
pp. 690-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Golgi Bodies

scholarly journals The 28 + 28 day design is an effective sampling time for analyzing mutant frequencies in rapidly proliferating tissues of MutaMouse animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116
Author(s):  
Francesco Marchetti ◽  
Gu Zhou ◽  
Danielle LeBlanc ◽  
Paul A. White ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Detection Of Mutations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sampling Times

AbstractThe Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Test Guideline 488 (TG 488) uses transgenic rodent models to generate in vivo mutagenesis data for regulatory submission. The recommended design in TG 488, 28 consecutive daily exposures with tissue sampling three days later (28 + 3d), is optimized for rapidly proliferating tissues such as bone marrow (BM). A sampling time of 28 days (28 + 28d) is considered more appropriate for slowly proliferating tissues (e.g., liver) and male germ cells. We evaluated the impact of the sampling time on mutant frequencies (MF) in the BM of MutaMouse males exposed for 28 days to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), procarbazine (PRC), isopropyl methanesulfonate (iPMS), or triethylenemelamine (TEM) in dose–response studies. BM samples were collected + 3d, + 28d, + 42d or + 70d post exposure and MF quantified using the lacZ assay. All chemicals significantly increased MF with maximum fold increases at 28 + 3d of 162.9, 6.6, 4.7 and 2.8 for BaP, PRC, iPMS and TEM, respectively. MF were relatively stable over the time period investigated, although they were significantly increased only at 28 + 3d and 28 + 28d for TEM. Benchmark dose (BMD) modelling generated overlapping BMD confidence intervals among the four sampling times for each chemical. These results demonstrate that the sampling time does not affect the detection of mutations for strong mutagens. However, for mutagens that produce small increases in MF, sampling times greater than 28 days may produce false-negative results. Thus, the 28 + 28d protocol represents a unifying protocol for simultaneously assessing mutations in rapidly and slowly proliferating somatic tissues and male germ cells.

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