Small GTPase RhoA is required for ooplasmic segregation and spindle rotation, but not for spindle organization and chromosome separation during mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Sheng Zhong ◽  
Li-Jun Huo ◽  
Cheng-Guang Liang ◽  
Da-Yuan Chen ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Spindle Rotation ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Ooplasmic Segregation

scholarly journals Regulation of dynamic events by microfilaments during oocyte maturation and fertilization

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Yuan Sun ◽  
Heide Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Cortical Granule ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Spindle Rotation ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Chromosome Separation

Actin filaments (microfilaments) regulate various dynamic events during oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization. In most species, microfilaments are not required for germinal vesicle breakdown and meiotic spindle formation, but they mediate peripheral nucleus (chromosome) migration, cortical spindle anchorage, homologous chromosome separation, cortex development/maintenance, polarity establishment, and first polar body emission during oocyte maturation. Peripheral cortical granule migration is controlled by microfilaments, while mitochondria movement is mediated by microtubules. During fertilization, microfilaments are involved in sperm incorporation, spindle rotation (mouse), cortical granule exocytosis, second polar body emission and cleavage ring formation, but are not required for pronuclear apposition (except for the mouse). Many of the events are driven by the dynamic interactions between myosin and actin filaments whose polymerization is regulated by RhoA, Cdc42, Arp2/3 and other signaling molecules. Studies have also shown that oocyte cortex organization and polarity formation mediated by actin filaments are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase, myosin light-chain kinase, protein kinase C and its substrate p-MARKS as well as PAR proteins. The completion of several dynamic events, including homologous chromosome separation, spindle anchorage, spindle rotation, vesicle organelle transport and pronuclear apposition (mouse), requires interactions between microfilaments and microtubules, but determination of how the two systems of the cytoskeleton precisely cross-link, and which proteins link microfilaments to microtubules to perform functions in eggs, requires further studies. Finally, the meaning of microfilament-mediated oocyte polarity versus embryo polarity and embryo development in different species (Drosophila, Xenopus and mouse) is discussed.

scholarly journals Cell cycle-dependent localization and possible roles of the small GTPase Ran in mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization and early cleavage

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Kao Cao ◽  
Zhi-Sheng Zhong ◽  
Da-Yuan Chen ◽  
Gui-Xue Zhang ◽  
Heide Schatten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Gtpase Ran ◽  
Meiosis I

The small GTPase Ran controls numerous cellular processes of the mitotic cell cycle. In this experiment, we investigated the localization and possible roles of Ran during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization and early cleavage by using confocal laser scanning microscopy, antibody microinjection and microtubule disturbance. The results showed that Ran was localized mainly in the nucleus (except for the nucleolus) in the oocyte, zygote and early embryo. At pro-metaphase of meiosis I, Ran distributed throughout the cell, but predominantly concentrated around the condensed chromosomes. During the completion of meiosis I and meiosis II, it concentrated to the meiotic spindle microtubules except for the midbody region. After sperm penetration, Ran dispersed with the extrusion of the second polar body and gradually concentrated in the male and female pronuclei thereafter. Ran was also observed to exist diffusely in the cytoplasm in prophase; it concentrated at the mitotic spindle, and migrated to the nucleus during early cleavage. Ran’s concentration around the spindle disappeared when microtubule assembly was inhibited by colchicine, while it was concentrated around the chromosomes after microtubule stabilization with taxol treatment. Ran did not display any role in cytokinesis during division when pseudo-cleavage of germinal vesicle-intact oocytes was induced. Anti-Ran antibody microinjection decreased the germinal vesicle breakdown and the first polar body extrusion, and distorted spindle organization and chromosome alignment. Our results indicate that Ran has a cell cycle-dependent localization and may have regulatory roles in cell cycle progression and microtubule organization in mouse oocytes, fertilized eggs and early embryos.

PLCz-induced Ca2+ oscillations are enhanced after germinal vesicle breakdown during mouse oocyte maturation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sanders ◽  
Ethan Bateson ◽  
Yuansong Yu ◽  
Michail Nomikos ◽  
Antony Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown

Rho-GTPase effector ROCK regulates mouse oocyte maturation and embryo development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Duan ◽  
Zhen-Bo Wang ◽  
Xiang-Shun Cui ◽  
Nam-Hyung Kim ◽  
Shao-Chen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Mouse Oocyte

scholarly journals Ral GTPase is essential for actin dynamics and Golgi apparatus distribution in mouse oocyte maturation

Cell Division ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hong Sun ◽  
Lin-Lin Hu ◽  
Chao-Ying Zhao ◽  
Xiang Lu ◽  
Yan-Ping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Ral Gtpase ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Abstract Background Ral family is a member of Ras-like GTPase superfamily, which includes RalA and RalB. RalA/B play important roles in many cell biological functions, including cytoskeleton dynamics, cell division, membrane transport, gene expression and signal transduction. However, whether RalA/B involve into the mammalian oocyte meiosis is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of RalA/B during mouse oocyte maturation. Results Our results showed that RalA/B expressed at all stages of oocyte maturation, and they were enriched at the spindle periphery area after meiosis resumption. The injection of RalA/B siRNAs into the oocytes significantly disturbed the polar body extrusion, indicating the essential roles of RalA/B for oocyte maturation. We observed that in the RalA/B knockdown oocytes the actin filament fluorescence intensity was significantly increased at the both cortex and cytoplasm, and the chromosomes were failed to locate near the cortex, indicating that RalA/B regulate actin dynamics for spindle migration in mouse oocytes. Moreover, we also found that the Golgi apparatus distribution at the spindle periphery was disturbed after RalA/B depletion. Conclusions In summary, our results indicated that RalA/B affect actin dynamics for chromosome positioning and Golgi apparatus distribution in mouse oocytes.

scholarly journals Multiple Requirements of PLK1 during Mouse Oocyte Maturation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0116783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Solc ◽  
Tomoya S. Kitajima ◽  
Shuhei Yoshida ◽  
Adela Brzakova ◽  
Masako Kaido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mouse Oocyte

Laminin chain-specific gene expression during mouse oocyte maturation

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanseob Shim ◽  
Sang Gu Lee ◽  
Woo Keun Song ◽  
Chul Sang Lee ◽  
Kyung-Kwang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

Mouse Oocyte Maturation: Meiotic Checkpoints

1995 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fulka ◽  
R.M. Moor ◽  
J. Fulka
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mouse Oocyte
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