Theoretical and experimental studies of electric-field-induced refractive index change in quantum-film, -wire, and -box structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Ravikumar ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
K. Shimomura ◽  
T. Kikugawa ◽  
M. Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Box Structures ◽  
Quantum Film

Electric-Field-Induced Refractive Index Change In Gainasp/Inp Mqw Structures

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Shimomura ◽  
K. G. Ravikumar ◽  
Tomoyuki Kikugawa ◽  
Shigehisa Arai ◽  
Yasuharu Suematsu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Index Change

Nonlinear refractive index change and optical rectification in a GaN-based step quantum wells with strong built-in electric field

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Nonlinear Refractive Index ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Optical Rectification ◽  
Airy Functions ◽  
Index Change

Based on the compact density matrix approach, the linear and nonlinear refractive index change (RIC) and optical rectification (OR) coefficients in a GaN -based step QW with strong built-in electric field (BEF) have been theoretically deduced and investigated in detail. The analytical electronic state is derived by the two airy functions. And the band nonparabolicity is taken into account by using an energy dependence effective mass (EDEM) method. Numerical calculations on a four-layer AlN / GaN / Al x Ga 1-x N / AlN step QW are performed, and the curves for the geometric factors, the linear, the nonlinear, the total RICs and the OR coefficients as functions of the structural parameters of the step QW are discussed. The features for these curves were specified and reasons for the features were explained reasonably. It is found that the decreasing of well width Lw, and step barrier width Lb and the doped concentration x in step barrier will result in the significant enhancement of the RICs. With the decrease of Lw, Lb and x, the resonant photon energies of RIC and OR coefficients have obvious blue-shift. Moreover, the RIC and OR coefficients behave different dependence on the structural parameters of the GaN -based step QWs. The profound physical reasons are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Electric-Field Induced Shift in the Plasmon Resonance Due to the Interfacial Pockels Effect of Water on a Silver Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Yurina Nishi ◽  
Ryosuke Watanabe ◽  
Subaru Sasaki ◽  
Akihiro Okada ◽  
Keisuke Seto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Optical Modulator ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Silver Surface ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Oxide Electrodes

In the research on application of an optical modulator used for information communication, materials having a large Pockels effect, a refractive index change proportional to the electric-field, are required. It is known that the interfacial water on the surface of transparent oxide electrodes has a giant Pockels coefficient, which is an order of magnitude larger than the solid Pockels crystals practically used. It is important to know the Pockels coefficient of water on not only an oxide surface, but also a metal surface to understand the mechanism of the interfacial Pockels effect of water. However, a method has not yet been established for evaluating the coefficient of water–metal interface. Here we present an evaluation method of the Pockels coefficient of interfacial water on a metal (silver) surface from the spectral shift of the surface plasmon polariton resonance due to electric-field induced refractive index change of the interfacial water. The Pockels coefficient of interfacial water on Ag was evaluated as |r33|=5±1 pm/V, without need for exact knowledge of the thickness of the interfacial layer (electric double layer of water) as long as the penetration depth of the plasmon is larger than the thickness.

Improvement in refractive-index change in LiNbO 3 :Ce:Cu by applying an external electric field

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2491-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Cui-Xia ◽  
Liu Li-Ren ◽  
Liu De-An ◽  
Zhou Yu ◽  
Chai Zhi-Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Index Change

scholarly journals Refractive Index Change of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Electroactive Polyurethane by an Electric Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Kim ◽  
Hyun-U Ko ◽  
Hyun Chan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Lens Material

A tunable optical lens can tune or reconfigure the lens material itself such that it can eliminate the moving part of the lens, which brings broad technological impacts. Many tunable optical lenses have been implemented using electroactive polymers that can change the shape of the lens. However, the refractive index (RI) change of electroactive polymers has not been well investigated. This paper investigated the RI change of CNC-based transparent and electroactive polyurethane (CPPU) in the presence of an actuating electric field. The prepared CPPU was electrically poled to enhance its electro-optical performance, and the poling conditions in terms of frequency and electric field were optimized. The poled CPPU was characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a refractometer. To investigate the RI change in the presence of an actuating electric field, the poled CPPU was constrained between two electrodes with a fixed distance. The RI linearly increased as the actuating electric field increased. The RI change mechanism and the optimized poling conditions are illustrated. The tunable RI is a promising property for implementing a tunable optical lens.

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