scholarly journals Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1900580
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Maria Kundi ◽  
Jetty Chung‐Yung Lee ◽  
Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽  
Chi Bun Chan ◽  
Kin Sum Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation

scholarly journals Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short-chain fatty acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia H Sukkar ◽  
Aaron M Lett ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Edward S Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Present Review

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota. High-fibre diets have been associated with lower weight gain and a number of reports have therefore investigated if these positive effects of a dietary fibre on body weight can be replicated through the direct administration of SCFAs. Many of these studies have reported that SCFAs can prevent or attenuate long-term body weight gain by increasing energy expenditure through increased lipid oxidation. The aim of the present review is to therefore evaluate the current evidence for an effect of SCFAs on whole-body energy expenditure and to assess the potential underlying mechanisms. The available data highlights that SCFAs can exert multiple effects at various organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively raise energy expenditure via a promotion of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, the present review proposes that dietary interventions and other therapies that augment gut-derived SCFAs and systemic availability may present an effective strategy to improve long-term energy balance and body weight management.

scholarly journals Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huawei Zeng ◽  
Shahid Umar ◽  
Bret Rust ◽  
Darina Lazarova ◽  
Michael Bordonaro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host–microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.

Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Albert А Kurmangulov ◽  
Elena F Dorodneva ◽  
Irina A Troshina ◽  
Yulianna A Petrova ◽  
Tatyana I Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

BACKGROUND. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. AIMS. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 2–3 degrees of obesity (BMI≥35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. RESULTS. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p<0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.01) and in their profile (p<0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p<0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p<0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p<0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of inclusion of dietary fibers in the composition of the diet in obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert А. Kurmangulov ◽  
Elena F. Dorodneva ◽  
Irina A. Troshina ◽  
Yulianna A. Petrova ◽  
Tatyana I. Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Background. In recent years, clinical work, discovered a correlation between the violations of quantitative and/or qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of various dysmetabolic disorders, including obesity. Aims. To evaluate the effect of the additional inclusion in the diet program of foods with a high content of dietary fibers and microbiotics on anthropometric indicators of obesity. Materials and methods. The dynamic 6-month observation study included 50 people with 23 degrees of obesity (BMI35 kg/m2) according to WHO criteria, divided depending on the method of exposure (the traditional scheme of rational diet/or additionally enriched diet with fiber) into two comparable groups. Among the methods of the study were allocated anthropometry, the actual nutritional analysis and chromatographic study of short-chain fatty acids in the feces. Results. Analysis of anthropometric data (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) using the Wilcoxon test showed a more pronounced dynamics of basic anthropometric data in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber (p0.01). The data of chromatographic studies showed more significant changes in the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (p0.01) and in their profile (p0.05) in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber. Clinically normalization of symbiotic digestion in the intestine in the group with additional enrichment diet dietary fiber was confirmed by reducing the frequency of presented complaints, for flatulence and flatulence from 38.3% to 13.7% (p0.05), abdominal discomfort from 63.4% to 25.5% (p0.05), constipation from 44.5% to 13.8% (p0.05), rumbling in the abdomen on palpation from 50.4% to 18.8% (p0.05). Conclusions. Complex effect of dietary fiber within the food products of functional purpose on the processes and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract leads to improved clinical and metabolic (normalization of functional activity of the intestinal microbiota) and anthropometric parameters (lower values of body weight, waist circumference), which predetermines the possibility of using dietary fiber in programmes for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

scholarly journals Effect of an Antibacterial Polysaccharide Produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 on the Gut Microbia of Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Xincheng Sun ◽  
Zichao Wang ◽  
Xuyang Hu ◽  
Chengxin Zhao ◽  
Xiaogen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Promising Application

Previously, a polysaccharide produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 was found to have antibacterial activity, but its toxic effects on body health and gut microbiota were concealed. Recent results showed that this polysaccharide was safe to Caco-2 cells and mice, while it reduced the body weight gain of mice from 10.5 ± 1.21 g to 8.4 ± 1.17 g after 28 days administration. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids concentrations increased from 23.85 ± 1.37 μmol/g, 10.23 ± 0.78 μmol/g, 7.15 ± 0.35 μmol/g and 41.23 ± 0.86 μmol/g to 42.77 ± 1.29 μmol/g, 20.03 ± 1.44 μmol/g, 12.06 ± 0.51 μmol/g and 74.86 ± 2.07 μmol/g, respectively. Furthermore, this polysaccharide enriched the abundance of gut microbiota and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was increased from 0.5172 to 0.7238. Overall, this study provides good guidance for the promising application of polysaccharides as preservatives in foods and in other fields in the future.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

Growth and carcass characteristics of three lamb genotypes finished on the same level of feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. W. McClintont ◽  
A. F. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ash Content

AbstractThis study investigated the efficiency of growth and the carcass characteristics of 24 Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), 24 Texel (12 purebred and 12 Texel × Texel-Greyface) and 24 Rouge (12 purebred and 12 Rouge × Rouge-Greyface) lambs finished on the same level of feeding. The efficiency of live-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·01). The efficiency of empty body-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) compared with Texel lambs. The efficiency of carcass gains (kg/MJ) tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·07). The efficiency of non-carcass component gains (kg/MJ) was also higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P0·05). Carcass water, protein, lipid and ash gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes, however carcass energy gain tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·08). The relative proportions of water, protein, lipid and ash in carcass gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes. At the end of the experiment carcass water content was higher in Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and carcass ash content was lower in Texel compared with Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) lambs. The concentration of saturated fatty acids was higher in Greyface compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001) and higher in Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·05). Monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and higher in Texel compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001). Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge and Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·01). The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05).The efficiency of empty body gain was higher in male compared with female lambs (P< 0·05). Carcass water (P< 0·01) and protein (P< 0·05) gains were higher in male lambs. At the end of the experiment male carcasses contained a higher content of water (P< 0·05), protein (P< 0·01) and ash (P= 0·07), and a lower lipid (P< 0·05) and energy (P< 0·001) content. Carcass lipids from male lambs contained a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P< 0·001) and tended to contain a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = 0·06).

scholarly journals Effect of milk replacer allowance on calf faecal bacterial community profiles and fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
Emma Beijer ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Katherine K. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background The nutrition of calves from birth until weaning is predominantly from liquid (milk or milk-based) feeds. Liquid feed allowances are often restricted during artificial rearing to accelerate the development of the rumen by promoting solid feed intake. Liquid feeds bypass the rumen and are digested in the lower digestive tract, however, the influence of different types of milk feeds, and their allowances, on the calf hindgut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, faecal samples from 199 calves raised on three different allowances of milk replacer: 10% of initial bodyweight (LA), 20% of initial bodyweight (HA), and ad libitum (ADLIB), were collected just prior to weaning. Bacterial community structures and fermentation products were analysed, and their relationships with calf growth and health parameters were examined to identify potential interactions between diet, gut microbiota and calf performance. Results Differences in the total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were not observed, but higher milk replacer allowances increased the concentrations of branched short-chain fatty acids and decreased acetate to propionate ratios. The bacterial communities were dominated by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides, and the bacterial diversity of the ADLIB diet group was greater than that of the other diet groups. Faecalibacterium was over three times more abundant in the ADLIB compared to the LA group, and its abundance correlated strongly with girth and body weight gains. Milk replacer intake correlated strongly with Peptococcus and Blautia, which also correlated with body weight gain. Bifidobacterium averaged less than 1% abundance, however its levels, and those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, correlated strongly with initial serum protein levels, which are an indicator of colostrum intake and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in early life. Conclusions Higher milk replacer intakes in calves increased hindgut bacterial diversity and resulted in bacterial communities and short chain fatty acid profiles associated with greater protein fermentation. Increased abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, were also observed, which may contribute to development and growth. Moreover, correlations between microbial taxa and initial serum protein levels suggest that colostrum intake in the first days of life may influence microbiota composition at pre-weaning.

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