Fructose and glucose combined with free fatty acids induce metabolic disorders in HepG2 cell: A new model to study the impacts of high-fructose/sucrose and high-fat diets in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoxuan Guo ◽  
Ou Wang ◽  
Hongjuan Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
New Model ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals The Role of High Fat Diets and Liver Peptidase Activity in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets (HFD) have been widely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and overweight. However, a high intake of sources that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has been suggested as a dietary agent that is able to positively influence energy metabolism and vascular function. The main objective of this study was to analyze the role of dietary fats on hepatic peptidases activities and metabolic disorders. Three diets: standard (S), HFD supplemented with virgin olive oil (VOO), and HFD supplemented with butter plus cholesterol (Bch), were administered over six months to male Wistar rats. Plasma and liver samples were collected for clinical biochemistry and aminopeptidase activities (AP) analysis. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also determined by Western blot in liver samples. The diet supplement with VOO did not induce obesity, in contrast to the Bch group. Though the VOO diet increased the time that was needed to return to the basal levels of plasma glucose, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio and HOMA2-%B index (a homeostasis model index of insulin secretion and valuation of β-cell usefulness (% β-cell secretion)) were improved. An increase of hepatic membrane-bound dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity was found only in VOO rats, even if no differences in fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were obtained. Both HFDs induced changes in hepatic pyroglutamyl-AP in the soluble fraction, but only the Bch diet increased the soluble tyrosyl-AP. Angiotensinase activities that are implicated in the metabolism of angiotensin II (AngII) to AngIV increased in the VOO diet, which was in agreement with the higher activity of insulin-regulated-AP (IRAP) in this group. Otherwise, the diet that was enriched with butter increased soluble gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Leucyl-AP, iNOS expression in the liver, and plasma NO. In summary, VOO increased the hepatic activity of AP that were related to glucose metabolism (DPP4, angiotensinases, and IRAP). However, the Bch diet increased activities that are implicated in the control of food intake (Tyrosine-AP), the index of hepatic damage (Leucine-AP and GGT), and the expression of hepatic iNOS and plasma NO. Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the liver, which could be related to alterations in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism.

Effects of hyperthyroidism, epinephrine, and diet on heart lipoprotein lipase activity

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adawia A. Alousi ◽  
Samuel Mallov
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Cellular Components

Rats were fasted for several days, placed on diets high in carbohydrate, fat, or containing iodinated casein so as to produce hyperthyroidism, or were chronically injected with epinephrine. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of homogenates of the hearts of these animals were determined. Significant increases in LPL activity occurred in thyrotoxic animals, in rats receiving epinephrine injections chronically, or after prolonged fasting, while significant lowering of cardiac LPL activity was observed in rats on the high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets. Single doses of fat or single injections of epinephrine had no effect. Addition of epinephrine or of triiodothyronine to heart slices or homogenates in vitro caused no LPL increases. It is postulated that adaptive changes in cardiac LPL activity may occur in response to altered needs for utilization of fatty acids by the heart. Microsomal fractions of heart cells had the highest specific LPL activities, suggesting synthesis of the enzyme by these cellular components, or activity of the enzyme at the endoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals Effects of high-fat diets rich in either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-R. Lou ◽  
Q.-Y. Peng ◽  
T. Li ◽  
C. M. Medvecky ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Fat Diets

Influence of high-fat diet from differential dietary sources on bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone fatty acid composition in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Y. Lau ◽  
Val Andrew Fajardo ◽  
Lauren McMeekin ◽  
Sandra M. Sacco ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Previous studies have suggested that high-fat diets adversely affect bone development. However, these studies included other dietary manipulations, including low calcium, folic acid, and fibre, and (or) high sucrose or cholesterol, and did not directly compare several common sources of dietary fat. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets that differ in fat quality, representing diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or n-6 PUFA, on femur bone mineral density (BMD), strength, and fatty acid composition. Forty-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained for 65 days on high-fat diets (20% by weight), containing coconut oil (SFA; n = 10), flaxseed oil (n-3 PUFA; n = 10), or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA; n = 11). Chow-fed rats (n = 10), at 105 days of age, were included to represent animals on a control diet. Rats fed high-fat diets had higher body weights than the chow-fed rats (p < 0.001). Among all high-fat groups, there were no differences in femur BMD (p > 0.05) or biomechanical strength properties (p > 0.05). Femurs of groups fed either the high n-3 or high n-6 PUFA diets were stronger (as measured by peak load) than those of the chow-fed group, after adjustment for significant differences in body weight (p = 0.001). As expected, the femur fatty acid profile reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet consumed. These results suggest that high-fat diets, containing high levels of PUFA in the form of flaxseed or safflower oil, have a positive effect on bone strength when fed to male rats 6 to 15 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Age-dependent effect of high-fructose and high-fat diets on lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in liver and kidney of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uberdan Guilherme Mendes de Castro ◽  
Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Silva ◽  
Wanderson de Lima ◽  
Maria Campagnole-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Fat Diets

Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Oudart ◽  
R Groscolas ◽  
C Calgari ◽  
M Nibbelink ◽  
C Leray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Serum lipids, hepatic glycerolipid metabolism and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rats fed ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Rustan ◽  
E N Christiansen ◽  
C A Drevon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid

Rats were fed, for 3 weeks, high-fat (20% w/w) diets containing sunflower-seed oil, linseed oil or fish oil. Chow-fed rats were used as a low-fat reference. The high-fat diets markedly reduced non-fasting-rat serum triacylglycerol as compared with the low-fat reference, and the highest reduction (85%) was observed with the fish-oil group, which was significantly lower than that of the other high-fat diets. The serum concentration of phospholipids was significantly reduced (30%) only in the fish-oil-fed animals, whereas serum non-esterified fatty acids were reduced 40-50% by both the fish-oil- and linseed-oil-fed groups. The liver content of triacylglycerol showed a 1.7-fold increase with the fish-oil diet and 2-2.5-fold with the other dietary groups when compared with rats fed a low-fat diet, whereas the hepatic content of phospholipids was unchanged. Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (acyl-CoA oxidase) was 2-fold increased for the rats fed fish oil; however this was not significantly higher when comparison was made with rats fed the linseed-oil diet. There was no difference in phosphatidate hydrolysis (microsomal and cytosolic fractions) among animals fed the various diets. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was increased by all high-fat diets, but the fish-oil-diet-fed group showed a significantly lower enzyme activity than did rats fed the other high-fat diets. A linear correlation between acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and liver triacylglycerol was observed, and the microsomal enzyme activity was decreased 40-50% by incubation in the presence of eicosapentaenoyl-CoA. CoA derivatives of arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acid had no inhibitory effect when compared with the control. These results indicate that dietary fish oil may have greater triacylglycerol-lowering effect than other polyunsaturated diets, owing to decreased triacylglycerol synthesis caused by inhibition of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase. In addition, increased peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and decreased availability of non-esterified fatty acids could also contribute by decreasing the amounts of fatty acids as substrates for triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion.

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