Tips for Conducting Individual Donor Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Keyword(s):  
Individual Donor

scholarly journals Effect of Leukoreduction on Hematobiochemical Parameters and Storage Hemolysis in Canine Whole Blood Units

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Antognoni ◽  
Maria Luisa Marenzoni ◽  
Ambra Lisa Misia ◽  
Luca Avellini ◽  
Elisabetta Chiaradia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Individual Donor

Storage lesions (SLs) occur when the red blood cell quality is altered during the preservation of blood units. Pre-storage leukoreduction would limit the number of SLs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a leukoreduction filter for human use and the effect of pre-storage leukoreduction on some ematobiochemical parameters in stored canine whole blood. Seven canine blood units were tested. Each one was divided into two units—one leukoreduced (LRWB) and one non-leukoreduced (nLRWB). On each unit, we determined the complete blood count (CBC), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl−), morphological index (MI) and hemolysis, on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Leukoreduction allowed a 98.30% recovery of the RBC count, retaining 99.69% and 94.91% of WBCs and PLTs, respectively. We detected a significant increase of LDH and MI with strongly higher values in nLRWB compared to LRWB. A progressive increase in electrolytes and LDH concentrations was observed as indices of stored hemolysis. LDH showed significantly lower values in LRWB units compared to nLRWB, suggesting its release from leukocytes. In the majority of units, hemolysis reached 1% on the 42nd day of storage. We assert the human leukoreduction filter effectiveness on canine whole blood, and we recommend using nLRWB before day 14, especially for critically ill patients. The difference of the basal hemolysis (day 0) percentages observed between subjects suggests that more studies should be performed to confirm a possible inter-individual donor biological variability of RBC membrane resistance, as happens in humans.

Immunoglobulin G of systemic sclerosis patients programs a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic phenotype in monocyte-like THP-1 cells

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sripriya Murthy ◽  
Melanie Wannick ◽  
Georgios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Antje Müller ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Endothelin Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Endothelin Receptor A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Individual Donor

Abstract Objectives Functional IgG autoantibodies against diverse G protein-coupled receptors, i.e. antibodies with agonistic or antagonistic activity at these receptors, are abundant in human serum. Their levels are altered in patients with SSc, and autoantibodies against angiotensin II receptor 1 (ATR1) and endothelin receptor A (ETA) have been suggested to drive SSc by inducing the chemokines CXCL8 and CCL18 in the blood. The objective of our study is to profile the effect of IgG in SSc (SSc-IgG) on the production of soluble mediators in monocytic cells. Methods Monocyte-like THP-1 cells were stimulated with SSc-IgG and their secretome was analysed. Furthermore, the significance of major pro-inflammatory pathways for the induction of CXCL8 and CCL18 in response to SSc-IgG was assessed by a pharmacological approach. Results Stimulation with SSc-IgG significantly alters the secretome of THP-1 cells towards a general pro-inflammatory and profibrotic phenotype, which includes an increase of CCL18 and CXCL8. The consequent expression profiles vary depending on the individual donor of the SSc-IgG. CCL18 and CXCL8 expression is thus regulated differentially, with AP-1 driving the induction of both CCL18 and CXCL8 and the TAK/IKK-β/NF-κB pathway and ERK1/2 driving that of CXCL8. Conclusions Our results suggest that SSc-IgG contributes to the generation of the pro-inflammatory/profibrotic tissue milieu characteristic of SSc by its induction of a respective phenotype in monocytes. Furthermore, our results highlight AP-1 as a critical regulator of gene transcription of CCL18 in monocytic cells and as a promising pharmacological therapeutic target for the treatment of SSc.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF IDIOTYPIC ANTIBODIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Brient ◽  
Alfred Nisonoff
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Benzoate Derivatives ◽  
Individual Donor

Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared by injection of specifically purified anti-p-azobenzoate antibodies (D) from individual donor rabbits. Benzoate derivatives were found to be strong inhibitors of the reactions of D with anti-D antisera. There was a close correlation between the combining affinities of the benzoate derivatives used and their effectiveness as inhibitors. Compounds tested that are chemically unrelated to benzoate were ineffective. The results indicate either that the combining site of anti-benzoate antibody is part of an important idiotypic determinant, which is sterically blocked by hapten, or that the hapten induces a conformational change which alters idiotypic determinants not involving the active site. Such conformational changes, if they occur, must be restricted since hapten has little effect on the reactions of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-benzoate antibodies with antisera directed to rabbit fragment Fab and no detectable effect on reactions with antibodies directed to allotypic determinants.

scholarly journals Human-associated microbiota suppress invading bacteria even under disruption by antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Letten ◽  
Michael Baumgartner ◽  
Katia R. Pfrunder-Cardozo ◽  
Jonathan Levine ◽  
Alex R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Donor

AbstractIn light of their adverse impacts on resident microbial communities, it is widely predicted that broad-spectrum antibiotics can promote the spread of resistance by releasing resistant strains from competition with other strains and species. We investigated the invasion success of a resistant strain of Escherichia coli inoculated into human-associated communities in the presence and absence of the broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics rifampicin and polymyxin B, respectively. We found strong evidence of community-level suppression of the resistant strain in the absence of antibiotics and, despite large changes in community composition and abundance following rifampicin exposure, suppression of the invading resistant strain was maintained in both antibiotic treatments. Instead, the strength of competitive suppression was more strongly associated with the individual donor from which the community was sampled. This suggests microbiome composition strongly influences susceptibility to invasion by antibiotic-resistant strains, but at least some antibiotic-associated disruption can be tolerated before invasion susceptibility increases. A deeper understanding of this association will aid the development of ecologically-aware strategies for managing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Understanding the liminality of individual giving to the arts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Pitts ◽  
Marta Herrero ◽  
Sarah M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
New Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Individual Giving ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Individual Donor

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of donors to a UK-based contemporary music organisation fundraising scheme through the theoretical lens of liminality.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews with 16 members of the Sound Investment scheme investigated the motivations and experiences of individual donors to the commissioning of new music. Thematic analysis suggested parallels with the framework of “liminality,” which shed new light on the ways in which membership changed donors' relationships with the organisation and audience.FindingsMotivations for supporting contemporary music commissioning included personal interest, cultural responsibility and alignment to the values of the organisation. Tangible benefits, particularly access to rehearsals, brought donors into closer connection with the creative and managerial working of the organisation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample did not include any lapsed donors, or people who had chosen not to participate. Future research could test the liminal framework in different artforms and through different tangible benefits.Practical implicationsUnderstanding donors as liminals could help arts organisations to develop membership schemes that more effectively sustain individual giving. Key elements of involvement and access are identified that could engage audiences more widely.Originality/valueThis case study foregrounds lived experience of arts donors where previous literature has primarily focussed on motivations for donating. It highlights the liminal elements of becoming an individual donor, namely, the integration and socialisation processes, the space-and time-bound interactions with the organisation and the alignment of values with the organisation. This framework offers a new way for arts organisations to understand and enhance individual giving in a time of austerity.

Probable transfusion transmission of West Nile virus from an apheresis platelet that screened non‐reactive by individual donor‐nucleic acid testing

Transfusion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Hayes ◽  
Laura Stephens ◽  
Joy L. Fridey ◽  
Robert E. Snyder ◽  
Jamel A. Groves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Individual Donor

Individual Donor Support for Nonprofits: The Roles of Financial and Emotional Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Isaac Agyemang ◽  
Darlene D. Bay ◽  
Gail L. Cook ◽  
Parunchana Pacharn
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Individual Donor

ABSTRACT The ability to attract donor funding is important to many nonprofit organizations' success in achieving their goals. Prior literature indicates that the emotional response of potential donors to the mission of these organizations as well as the assessment of the financial information provided impacts donation decisions. However, prior literature has examined either the effect of the emotional response or financial information, but not both. Using an experiment, our paper fills this gap in the literature by investigating both factors in the same study. Furthermore, we investigate the potential moderating effect of emotional intelligence. The results indicate that, under some circumstances, the emotional response of the potential donor and the donor's emotional intelligence impact both the decision to donate and the size of the donation. However, the financial information, as compiled by the Better Business Bureau, a business rating agency that also rates charities, impacts only the size of the donation.

Do Hybrid Legal Systems Matter in Foreign Legal-Aid Programmes? Some Philosophical Aspects of Legal Aid in Uzbekistan as Provided by the Donor States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aziz Ismatov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Soviet Republic ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Donor States ◽  
Individual Donor

Abstract Since the fall of socialism in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and some states of Southeast Asia, the international financial institutions and individual donor states have initiated wide-scale legal-aid programmes to assist these states in their transition from socialism to a market economy. Whereas the aid from financial institutions vis-à-vis recipient states is often agreed upon specific conditionalities, the donor states design their foreign legal aid according to individual preferences, although sometimes with references to universal goals. Currently, various donor states provide legal aid to Uzbekistan. Given the fact that Uzbekistan is the former Soviet Republic that still bears multiple traces of a socialist legal system and additionally integrates indigenous informal law, this research provides an analysis of how different donor states base their legal-aid activities on entirely different philosophies and levels of gravity, and how receptive the hybrid structure of Uzbekistan’s law is towards such aid.

Preparation of a standardised faecal slurry for ex-vivo microbiota studies which reduces inter-individual donor bias

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. O'Donnell ◽  
Mary C. Rea ◽  
Órla O'Sullivan ◽  
Cal Flynn ◽  
Beth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Individual Donor
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