In vivo detection of iron and neuromelanin by transcranial sonography: A new approach for early detection of substantia nigra damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Zecca ◽  
Daniela Berg ◽  
Thomas Arzberger ◽  
Petra Ruprecht ◽  
Wolf D. Rausch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
New Approach ◽  
In Vivo Detection

New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Signore ◽  
Marco Chianelli ◽  
Elisabetta Ferretti ◽  
Anna Toscano ◽  
Keith E Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
New Approach ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Signore A, Chianelli M, Ferretti E, Toscano A, Britton KE, Andreani D, Gale EAM, Pozzilli P. New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:431–7. ISSN 0804–4643 Insulitis is considered the histopathological hallmark of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, diabetes has never been observed in the absence of insulitis. The in vivo detection of insulitis could be of relevance for early prediction of diabetes. As approximately 15% of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes express interleukin 2 receptors, we have labelled recombinant interleukin 2 with 123I and used this radiopharmaceutical to detect insulitis by gamma camera imaging. We studied 71 prediabetic NOD and 27 normal Balb/c mice. Labelled α-lactalbumin was used as the control protein. In the first set of experiments we studied the tissue distribution of radiolabelled interleukin 2 in isolated organs from animals sacrificed at different time points. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas of NOD mice injected with labelled interleukin 2, as compared to NOD mice receiving labelled α-lactalbumin (p < 0.003 at 20 min; p< 0.001 at 40 min; p< 0.0001 at 60 min) or Balb/c mice injected with labelled interleukin 2 (p< 0.05 at 40 min; p< 0.001 at 60 min). In another set of experiments, gamma camera images have been acquired after injection of 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Radioactivity in the pancreatic region of prediabetic NOD and Balb/c mice showed similar kinetics to those observed by single organ counting, with higher accumulation in the pancreatic region of NOD mice (p < 0.04 after 22–45 min in NOD mice vs Balb/c mice). Finally, a positive correlation was found between the radioactivity in the pancreas and the extent of lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.01 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vitro and p< 0.004 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vivo by gamma camera). This study demonstrates that 123I-labelled interleukin 2 administered iv accumulates specifically in the inflamed pancreas of diabetes-prone NOD mice, suggesting its potential application in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A Signore, Servizio Speciale di Medicina Nucleare, II Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy

scholarly journals Comparative diagnostic sensitivity of the substantia nigra transcranial sonography and salivary gland biopsy in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Kristina K. Khacheva ◽  
Sergey N. Illarioshkin ◽  
Alexey V. Karabanov ◽  
Andrey O. Chechetkin
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Salivary Gland Biopsy ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Criteria

Parkinsons disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, the diagnosis of which remains challenging at the early stages, although clinical diagnostic criteria are developed. The diagnostic accuracy is only 58% for patients at early Parkinsons disease stages. The sensitivity and specificity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra used for Parkinsons disease verification is about 85% and 71%, respectively. It has been shown that the aggregates of -synuclein in the nerve fibers in major salivary glands may be seen in Parkinsons disease patients. The availability of the salivary glands for morphological study made it possible to investigate the approaches of the in vivo histological diagnosis of Parkinsons disease based on the detection of -synuclein aggregates in the nerve fibers innervating the glands. Aim: To evaluate and compare the sensitivity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra and sublingual salivary gland biopsy. Materials and methods: Six patients with clinically verified Parkinsons disease were enrolled. Evaluation of the neurological state using special scales, transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra and sublingual salivary gland biopsy was performed. Results: Mean age of patients was 59 [58; 60.7] years, mean disease duration period was 5 [3; 7.75] years and the mean HoehnYahr stage was 2.25 [2; 2.5]. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra was found in 3 of 6 patients and the substantia nigra sensitivity was shown to be 50%. Sublingual salivary gland biopsy was positive for -synuclein in 6 of 6 patients and the sensitivity of method was shown to be 100%. No adverse events after biopsy were registered. Conclusion: The sensitivity of sublingual salivary gland biopsy was higher than those of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra, which indicates the prospect of using the biopsy method as a more sensitive diagnostic tool in Parkinsons disease (1 table, bibliography: 19 refs)

scholarly journals In vivo detection of tau fibrils and amyloid β aggregates with luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes and multiphoton microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Calvo-Rodriguez ◽  
Steven S. Hou ◽  
Austin C. Snyder ◽  
Simon Dujardin ◽  
Hamid Shirani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cerebral Amyloidosis ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging ◽  
First Time

Summary The detection of amyloid beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, both hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying these pathologies. Luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) enable fluorescence imaging of these protein aggregates. Using LCOs and multiphoton microscopy, individual tangles and amyloid beta deposits were labeled in vivo and imaged longitudinally in a mouse model of tauopathy and cerebral amyloidosis, respectively. Importantly, LCO HS-84, whose emission falls in the green region of the spectrum, allowed for the first time longitudinal imaging of tangle dynamics following a single intravenous injection. In addition, LCO HS-169, whose emission falls in the red region of the spectrum, successfully labeled amyloid beta deposits, allowing multiplexing with other reporters whose emission falls in the green region of the spectrum. In conclusion, this method can provide a new approach for longitudinal in vivo imaging using multiphoton microscopy of AD pathologies as well as other neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation in mouse models.

scholarly journals Emerging advances of in vivo detection of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1101) ◽  
pp. 20180925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Dallmeier ◽  
Somayeh Meysami ◽  
David A. Merrill ◽  
Cyrus A. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is of epidemic proportions in contact sports athletes and is linked to subconcussive and concussive repetitive head impacts (RHI). Although postmortem analysis is currently the only confirmatory method to diagnose CTE, there has been progress in early detection techniques of fluid biomarkers as well as in advanced neuroimaging techniques. Specifically, promising new methods of diffusion MRI and radionucleotide PET scans could aid in the early detection of CTE. The authors examine early detection methods focusing on various neuroimaging techniques. Advances in structural and diffusion MRI have demonstrated the ability to measure volumetric and white matter abnormalities associated with CTE. Recent studies using radionucleotides such as flortaucipir and 18F-FDDNP have shown binding patterns that are consistent with the four stages of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) distribution postmortem. Additional research undertakings focusing on fMRI, MR spectroscopy, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and singlephoton emission CT are also discussed as are advanced MRI methods such as diffusiontensor imaging and arterial spin labeled. Neuroimaging is fast becoming a key instrument in early detection and could prove essential for CTE quantification. This review explores a global approach to in vivo early detection. Limited data of in vivo CTE biomarkers with postmortem confirmation are available. While some data exist, they are limited by selection bias. It is unlikely that a single test will be sufficient to properly diagnosis and distinguish CTE from other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease or Frontotemporal Dementia. However, with a combination of fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging, and genetic testing, early detection may become possible.

scholarly journals Rod-like amphiphilic AIE-active NIR probe enables super-early precise in-vivo detection of Aβ fibrils/plaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipu Wang ◽  
Dong Mei ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Da-Hui Qu ◽  
Ju Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Abstract Precise and early detection of Aβ fibrils/plaques is pivotal to the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a serious disease threatening human health. Optical imaging stands out to be a promising technique for such task. However, restricted by poor blood-brain barrier penetrability, short-wavelength excitation and emission, and aggregation-caused quenching effect, the clinically used gold-standard probes are usually powerless in early in-vivo diagnosis of AD. To address these issues, we put forward an “all-in-one” design principle and develop a simple rod-like amphiphilic NIR AIE probe to demonstrate its feasibility. In-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo experiments with different strains of mice indicates that AIE-CNPy-AD holds the universality to Aβ fibrils/plaques identification. Noteworthily, AIE-CNPy-AD is even able to precisely trace the small and sparsely-distributed Aβ fibrils/plaques in AD model mice as young as 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice, the youngest having Aβ deposits, suggesting the probe might be an ideal alternative for early AD diagnosis.

In vivo detection of NKA release within rat substantia nigra

Neuropeptides ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
L.J. Furmidge ◽  
A.W. Duggan ◽  
G.W. Arbuthnott
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Rat Substantia Nigra

scholarly journals Diffusion Tensor Imaging for In Vivo Detection of Degenerated Optic Radiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Michelson ◽  
Tobias Engelhorn ◽  
Simone Waerntges ◽  
Arnd Doerfler
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transneuronal Degeneration ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy may continue to the linked optic radiation by transneuronal degeneration, as described in animal models of glaucoma. In vivo visualization of the visual pathway represents a new challenge in the field of ophthalmology. We present a new approach for illustration of the optic radiation by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The DTI was established by use of a 3T high-field scanner. The case of a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma is opposed to this one of a healthy subject to demonstrate the visible rarefication of the optic radiation. The goal was to introduce the technique of the DTI also in ophthalmology and to demonstrate that it may be useful to judge glaucoma-related differences.

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