Strategic outsourcing and quality choice: Is a vertical integration model sustainable?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Strategic Outsourcing ◽  
Quality Choice

scholarly journals Vertical Integration of Agricultural products supply chain and quality Safety of Agricultural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02048
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Cong Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The World

Today, food safety is a common concern in the world. As the main source of food, agricultural products’ safety is also worthy of attention. By establishing the vertical integration model of the agricultural product supply chain, the circulation links of agricultural products can be reduced, and the circulation efficiency and quality level of agricultural products can be improved. This paper assumes that under the condition of simple fresh agricultural products, there is only one wholesaler and one retailer in the agricultural product supply chain. Through the analysis of the economic model, it is concluded that the vertical integration of the agricultural product supply chain has a positive impact on the safety of agricultural products. With the improvement of the vertical integration of the supply agricultural products supply chain, the efforts of wholesalers and suppliers to ensure the safety of agricultural products have been improved, the circulation cost of agricultural products has been reduced, and the sales price of agricultural products has been reduced.

scholarly journals Self-Expansion or Internalization as the Two Processes of Vertical Integration: What Informs the Decision?

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Internal Capabilities ◽  
Governance Costs ◽  
Alternative Decision ◽  
The Capability Approach

In vertical integration literature, the two processes leading to vertical integration, namely, (1) self-expansion of the scope of activities based on internal capabilities and (2) internalization of activities with external capabilities have not been distinguished. However, using internal capabilities or incorporating external capabilities is an alternative decision for managers and distinguishing them is crucial in practice. The purpose of this study is to distinguish self-expansion separated from internalization and to explain systematically when they likely occur. This study develops a unique vertical integration model by integrating transaction cost economics and the capability approach. With the model, we systematically analyzed the occurrence of (1) self-expansion and (2) internalization. Results reveal that the firm prefers self-expansion to internalization if it is easy to build the capabilities internally or difficult to procure them from outside the firm and if the costs of acquiring a firm or business with the required capabilities or the governance costs of the activities with external capabilities are high and vice versa. Our model leads to more understanding of vertical integration.

scholarly journals Types of Film Production Business Models and Their Interrelationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Ieva Vitkauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Horizontal Integration ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Free Model

Types of film production business models are not a widely studied area in the scientific literature, and more attention is paid to the production of individual films, specifics. In this article, ten types of business models of film production companies were analysed and systematized, and the relationships between them were established. The analysis of the models identified two main, major business models: the studio model and the Business model 2.0, which becomes part of all other business models. The studio model directly includes the vertical integration model. It also consists of a “Market-oriented” model, “Horizontal integration”, “Product-oriented” model. Business model 2.0 can consist of: “Long Tail”, “Free” model and “360 - degree” models.

scholarly journals Analysis of Rice Price Trend and Vertical Integration of Rice Market in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 074
Author(s):  
Asih Kusumaningsih ◽  
Jamhari Jamhari ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Rice Price

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the trend of retail rice price in Indonesia and the price of grain at the farmer level in Indonesia and (2) to identify the vertical integration of the rice market in Indonesia. The monthly data of retail rice price and the price of grain at the farmer level (price of harvested dried grain at the farmer level) in Indonesia during January 2008 - January 2016 were used in this study. The least squares method was applied to determine the trend of prices, while Co-integration Model of Engle-Granger and ECM was used to estimate the vertical integration of Indonesian rice market. The results indicated that both types of prices had an upward trend. In the analysis of the vertical integration of rice market in Indonesia, there was a long-term balance relationship and short-term equilibrium relationship.

107 Raised Without Antibiotics, Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Whitney Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Company Growth

Abstract Smithfield Foods has initiated Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA) programs into its vertical integration model in the past. This opportunity to drive change to meet a growing demand provides an unique ability to analyze approaches to raising swine in a setting where multiple entities are tied to the success of a program and maintaining a focus of animal welfare, traceability and financial responsibilities are a must. There is a wide range of housing and resources used for industry RWA programs across those that implement such practices. Smithfield Foods program was performed in conjunction with its company-owned sow farms weaning to contracted grower bases in conventional wean-to-finish barn settings within the Midwest making it a multi-entity managed approach. Therefore, a full-package view is mandatory for the success of a RWA program and takes into account many current industry research approaches as well as fulfilling basic husbandry parameters. A focus too heavily on one will alter the ability to achieve program goals. The focus in the most recent success of the RWA program provided by Smithfield Foods included beginning with high health pig sources sourcing robust offspring, utilizing strategic vaccines and timing to combat potential obstructive issues, specific biosecurity plans, optimal environment uniformity, nutrition and water quality focuses and individual pig awareness throughout the entirety of the pig’s time in the program. Over 400,000 pigs were placed into Smithfield Foods RWA Program. The outcome of implementing the multi-faceted approach of securing the basic animal husbandry, along with newer industry knowledge and research, led to only 1.53% individual pigs needing to be taken off of the program due to requiring an antibiotic treatment and the remaining pigs within the program having high success in financial returns with competitive company growth performances.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

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