Surface coverage characterization of tinplates after post‐treatment processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138
Author(s):  
F.J. Wu ◽  
X.J. Liu ◽  
X. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

Comparative and integrative environmental assessment of advanced wastewater treatment processes based on an average removal of pharmaceuticals

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elorri Igos ◽  
Enrico Benetto ◽  
Silvia Venditti ◽  
Christian Köhler ◽  
Alex Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Pharmaceuticals are normally barely removed by conventional wastewater treatments. Advanced technologies as a post-treatment, could prevent these pollutants reaching the environment and could be included in a centralized treatment plant or, alternatively, at the primary point source, e.g. hospitals. In this study, the environmental impacts of different options, as a function of several advanced treatments as well as the centralized/decentralized implementation options, have been evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In previous publications, the characterization of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals within LCA suffers from high uncertainties. In our study, LCA was therefore only used to quantify the generated impacts (electricity, chemicals, etc.) of different treatment scenarios. These impacts are then weighted by the average removal rate of pharmaceuticals using a new Eco-efficiency Indicator EFI. This new way of comparing the scenarios shows significant advantages of upgrading a centralized plant with ozonation as the post-treatment. The decentralized treatment option reveals no significant improvement on the avoided environmental impact, due to the comparatively small pollutant load coming from the hospital and the uncertainties in the average removal of the decentralized scenarios. When comparing the post-treatment technologies, UV radiation has a lower performance than both ozonation and activated carbon adsorption.

Evaluation of the alternative treatment processes to upgrade an Opium alkaloid wastewater treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Sevimli ◽  
A.F. Aydin ◽  
Ì. Öztürk ◽  
H.Z. Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Opium Alkaloid

The aim of this study is to characterize the wastewater from an opium alkaloid processing plant and to evaluate alternative treatment techniques to upgrade an existing full-scale biological activated sludge treatment plant having problems of high residual COD and unacceptable dark brown color. In this content firstly, long term operational records of the two stage aerobic activated sludge treatment plant of the opium alkaloid factory located in Afyon province of Turkiye were evaluated. The operating results for the last three years were statistically analyzed and median and 95-percentile values were determined for the parameters including chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD5) and treatment efficiencies. Specific wastewater generation was found as 6.7 m3 per ton of the opium capsule processed. In the following stage of the study, three additional treatment processes were experimentally tested: anaerobic pretreatment, post treatment of aerobically treated effluents with lime and ozone. Pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) experiments have demonstrated that about 70 percent of the incoming COD can be removed anaerobically. Chemical treatability studies with lime for the aerobically treated effluent have shown that about 78 percent color and 46 percent COD removals can be obtained with lime dosage of 25 gl−1. Post treatment of the effluents of the existing two stage aerobic treatment with ozone also resulted in significant color and COD reduction.

Formation Of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Forrest Assemblies On Metal Surfaces

2002 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjit Chattopadhyay ◽  
Izabela Galeska ◽  
Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Single Wall Carbon ◽  
Topological Characteristics

ABSTRACTLearning how to purify and manipulate single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) presents a unique challenge in material science. The processing-related difficulties of these long nano-fibers stem from their high aspect ratio, rigidity and the profound hydrophobic attractions along their tubular walls. Shortening them into discrete segments, with lengths from tens to hundreds of nanometers, presents a viable methodology to alleviate the shape-induced intractability. In addition, the metal-assisted self-organization of these nanosized objects into nano-forest geometries with dense perpendicular surface grafting, demonstrates that such nanosized objects hold significant promise for the development of nanoscale devices. This paper will present an extensive characterization of the topological characteristics of these assemblies, along with their surface coverage, growth characteristics and height fluctuation on iron hydroxide substrates.

scholarly journals Characterization of nanomedicines’ surface coverage using molecular probes and capillary electrophoresis

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-B. Coty ◽  
F. Varenne ◽  
A. Benmalek ◽  
O. Garsaa ◽  
I. Le Potier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Molecular Probes

Pre- and Post-treatment Characterization of Petrol Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Shweta Kulshreshtha ◽  
Suchita Atreya ◽  
Sudhanshu Singh ◽  
Nitesh Singh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Post Treatment

Assessment of electrochemical and chemical coagulation as post-treatment for the effluents of a UASB reactor treating cellulose pulp mill wastewater

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Buzzini ◽  
A.J. Motheo ◽  
E.C. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Electrolytic Treatment

This paper presents results from exploratory experiments to test the technical feasibility of electrolytic treatment and coagulation followed by flocculation and sedimentation as post-treatment for the effluent of an UASB reactor treating simulated wastewater from an unbleached Kraft pulp mill. The electrolytic treatment provided up to 67% removal of the remaining COD and 98% of color removal. To achieve these efficiencies the energy consumption ranged from 14 Wh.l−1 to 20 Wh.l−1. The coagulation-flocculation treatment followed by settling required 350–400 mg.l−1 of aluminium sulfate. The addition of a high molecular weight cationic polymer enhanced both COD and color removal. Both post-treatment processes are technically feasible.

Production and Characterization of Deposited Mono-Sized Clusters

1990 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Cox ◽  
Barbara Kessler ◽  
Pierre Fayet ◽  
Wolfgang Eberhardt ◽  
Rex D. Sherwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Metal Clusters ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
Transition Metal Clusters ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTUsing high energy rare gas ion sputtering of metal targets, we are able to produce nanoamps of mass selected transition metal clusters. Mono-sized cluster ions are deposited at low kinetic energy upon substrates, e.g. silica or carbon, and are then characterized using UV and x-ray photoemission. In this paper we will discuss photoemission measurements of the 4f7/2 core level energies of Au (1–5,7 atom samples) clusters deposited on silica. From such studies we are beginning to understand how electronic structure, cluster stability and mobility depend on (deposited) cluster size, surface coverage, and substrate temperature.

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